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Industrial Districts: Old Wine in New Bottles?

Harrison, Bennett·1992·Regional Studies

Abstract

HARRISON B. (1992) Industrial districts: old wine in new bottles?, Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. According to the theory of industrial districts, a new wave of economic growth is being led in a number of regions in Europe, North America and East Asia by spatially concentrated networks of mostly small and medium sized enterprises, often using flexible production technology and characterized by extensive local interfirm linkages. Does this amount to a re-emergence of the dominance of what urban and regional economists call ‘agglomeration economies’ over the well-known pressures on business to spatially disperse its operations? Neoclassical economic theorizing from Marshall to Perroux provides one perspective on the contemporary industrial district phenomenon. Another is afforded by Granovetter's more recent elaboration of the ideas of ‘embedding’, ‘under-’ and ‘over-socialization’. Confronting each of these theoretical approaches with the other leads me to conclude that the industrial district prototypes involve more than simply a reassertion of agglomeration economies. Nor can the industrial districts be satisfactorily explained by Williamsonian concepts about the internalization (within the firm or within the region) of transaction costs. While emphasizing the mutual/shared benefits to individual firms/plants/production units of co-location (such as access to a larger and more specialized local labour pool, and the realization of scale economies in infrastructure provision), both agglomeration theory and transaction cost economics nevertheless follow standard neoclassical logic in conceptualizing local economies as collections of atomistic competitors, formally aware of one another solely through the intermediation of price/cost signals, embodied in contracts of varying completeness. By contrast, contemporary industrial district theory emphasizes the contextual significance of communal non-economic institutions and the importance of relations of ‘trust’ in reproducing sustained collaboration among economic actors within the districts. Whatever their empirical importance to economic growth and development, their ethical/distributive implications, and to whatever extent they prove over time to be stable institutions, industrial districts are definitely more than ‘old wine in new bottles’. HARRISON B. (1992) Les régions industrielles, un changement de fond aussi bien que de forme?, Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. Selon la théorie des régions industrielles une nouvelle vague de croissance économique se déferle en de nombreuses régions en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Asie du Sud, incitée dans l'ensemble par des réseaux concentrés de PME qui utilisent une technologie de production flexible et se caractérisent par d'importants échanges locaux interentreprises. Est-ce que cela constitue une renaissance de la prédominance des économies d'agglomération’, selon l'expression des économistes urbains et régionaux, sur les contraintes bien connues qui encouragent l'activité à se délocaliser? Les théories néo-classiques de Marshall à Perroux considèrent le phénomène contemporain des régions industrielles sous un optique particulier. l'élaboration plus récente des idées de Granovetter à propos de ‘l'enchâssement’, de la ‘soussocialisation’ et de la ‘sursocialisation’ en fournit un autre. Si on confronte chacune de ces façaons théoriques avec l'autre on arrive à la conclusion que les prototypes des régions industrielles demandent plus qu'une simple réaffirmation des ‘économies d'agglomération’. On ne peut expliquer non plus les régions industrielles avec satisfaction par les notions de Williamson concernant l'internationalisation (au sein de l'entreprise ou de la région) des coûts des opérations. Tout en soulignant les avantages mutuels/partagés aux entreprises/établissements/unités de production du mêie emplacement (tels l'accès à un bassin d'emploi plus important et plus qualifié, et la réalisation des économies d'échelle dans la fourniture de l'equipement), toujours est-il que la théorie d'agglomération et l'conomie des coûts des opérations poursuivent un logique type néo-classique en considérant les economies locales comme groupes de concurrents atomistiques, conscients les uns des autres par moyen des clignotants relatifs aux prix/coûts, exprimés sous forme de contrats dont l'état varie. Par contraste la théorie contemporaine des regions industrielles souligne l'importance contextuelle des institutions non-éonomiques communes et l'importance de la confiance dans le développement d'un partenariat au sein de la region industrielle. Quelle que soit leur importance empirique à la croissance et au développement économiques, leurs effets éthiques et de redistribution, et quelles que soient les possibiliés que sur le temps elles s'avèrent des institutions stables, les régions industrielles ont changé de fond aussi bien que de forme. HARRISON B. (1992) Industriegebiete: alter Wein in Neuen Flaschen? Reg. Studies 26, 469–483. Laut In

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Metadata

Authors
Harrison, B.
Venue
Regional Studies
Published
1992-01
Volume
26
Issue
5
Pages
469-483
ISSN
  • 0034-3404 (ISSN-L)
  • 1360-0591
OpenAlex
W2025545712
Cited by
769
References
0
FWCI
65.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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Harrison, B. (1992). Industrial Districts: Old Wine in New Bottles? Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409212331347121

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