The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Small change and ballast: Cowry trade and usage as an example of Indian Ocean economic history
Abstract
(1980). Small change and ballast: Cowry trade and usage as an example of Indian Ocean economic history. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 48-69.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“James Heimann has illustrated that 'an ordered system of ratios' between cowries and specifi c metal currencies lasted from the post-Gupta period until the nineteenth century (Heimann 1980: 56-58), and demonstrated how 'trade in the Indian Ocean integrated local production/consumption patterns and currency development, resulting in a specifi c Indian Ocean 'world-economy'' (Heimann”
From The Bengal Connections in Yunnan (2012) · cites this paper as Heimann 1980: 48
In the citing paper
“James Heimann has illustrated that 'an ordered system of ratios' between cowries and specifi c metal currencies lasted from the post-Gupta period until the nineteenth century (Heimann 1980: 56-58), and demonstrated how 'trade in the Indian Ocean integrated local production/consumption patterns and currency development, resulting in a specifi c Indian Ocean 'world-economy'' (Heimann”
From The Bengal Connections in Yunnan (2012) · cites this paper as Heimann 1980: 56-58
Citations
Cites
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
Schumpeter, J. A., & Keynes, J. M. (1936) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2278703 · Cited by 14,485
Wallerstein, I. M. (2010) · University of Michigan Library Repository · doi:10.14288/1.0102827 · Cited by 2,505
The Portuguese Seaborne Empire: 1415-1825
Diffie, B. W. (1970) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-50.4.767 · Cited by 478
Basham, A. L. P. (1954) · Cited by 350
Thapar, R., & Spear, T. G. P. (1965) · Penguin Books · Cited by 326
Critical Essays in Monetary Theory
Handa, J., & Hicks, J. (1969) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1056056 · Cited by 273
Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism
Braudel, F. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 263
Arab seafaring in the Indian Ocean in ancient and early medieval times
Hourani, G. F. (1995) · University of Michigan Library Repository · Cited by 252
Critical Essays in Monetary Theory
Chaîneau, A., Hicks, J., & Chaîneau, A. (1968) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3499784 · Cited by 239
A Social and Economic History of the near East in the Middle Ages
von Sivers, P., & Ashtor, E. (1977) · The International Journal of African Historical Studies · doi:10.2307/216744 · Cited by 236
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Panikkar's K.M., 1951, India and the Indian Ocean
- Melitz Jacques, 1974, Primitive and Modern Money
- Einzig Paul, 1966, Primitive Money
- Pyrard, F. 1887, 1890.The Voyage of Francis Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Moluccas and BrazilEdited by: Gray, A. and Bell, H.C.P. 2 vols, 426London vol. 2
- Hornell, J. 1946.Water Transport234–5. Cambridge
- Kenyon A.S., 1941, The Numismatist, 341
- Yule, Henry, ed. 1871.The Book of Ser Marco Polo2 vols., 45219London vol. 2
- Didi Amin, 1949, Ladies and Gentlemen . . . The Maldive Islands
- 1978, Times Atlas of World History
- Danvers, F.C. 1894.The Portuguese in India2 vols., 124London vol. 1
- Bell H.C.P., 1931, Journal R.A.S. (Ceylon), 32, 76
- Pires, T. 1944.The Suma Oriental of Tome PiresEdited by: Cortesao, A. 2 vols, 94–5. London vol. 1
- Bell H.C.P., 1932, Journal R.A.S. (Ceylon), 32, 228
- Bell H.C.P., 1925, Journal R.A.S. (Ceylon), 30, 132
- Milburne, William. 1813.Oriental Commerce or the East India Trader's Complete Guide2 vols, 336London vol. 2
- Moresby Robert, 1839, Nautical Directions for the Maldiva Islands and the Chagos Archipelago
- Owen W.F.W., 1832, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 81
- Hertz John E., 1881, Mitteilung der Geographischen Gesellschaft im Hamburg, 14
- Stein M.A., 1899, Numismatic Chronicle, 125
- Cunningham A., 1963, Coins of Ancient India
- Ekholm Kajsa, 1976, Anthropologiska Studier, 20, 5
- Chaudhuri S., 1974, The Indian Historical Review, 1, 262
- Dutt, Romesh. 1976.The Economic History of India2 vols., 17New Delhi vol. 1
Cited by
The Bengal Connections in Yunnan
Bin, Y. (2012) · China Report · doi:10.1177/000944551104800207 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Heimann, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Heimann, James
- Venue
- South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1980-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-69
- ISSN
- 0085-6401 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-0270
- OpenAlex
- W2034094856
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- South Asia Journal of South Asian Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Medieval History and Crusades
- Keywords
- Cypraeidae, currency, trade, ballast, Indian Ocean trade, economic history
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Small change and ballast: Cowry trade and usage as an example of Indian Ocean economic history. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00856408008722999
- The paper
- Heimann, J. (1980). Small change and ballast: Cowry trade and usage as an example of Indian Ocean economic history. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856408008722999
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
