Clinical management of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: the dutch approach
Abstract
The Dutch approach on clinical management of both prepubertal children under the age of 12 and adolescents starting at age 12 with gender dysphoria, starts with a thorough assessment of any vulnerable aspects of the youth's functioning or circumstances and, when necessary, appropriate intervention. In children with gender dysphoria only, the general recommendation is watchful waiting and carefully observing how gender dysphoria develops in the first stages of puberty. Gender dysphoric adolescents can be considered eligible for puberty suppression and subsequent cross-sex hormones when they reach the age of 16 years. Currently, withholding physical medical interventions in these cases seems more harmful to wellbeing in both adolescence and adulthood when compared to cases where physical medical interventions were provided.
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Those receiving gender-affirming health care exhibit lower levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.
“Recent studies have shown that those receiving gender-affirming health care exhibit lower levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation (13, 14)”
From Puberty Blocker, Leuprolide, Reduces Sex Differences in Rough-and-Tumble Play and Anxiety-like Behavior in Juvenile Rats (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
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References 72 · Cited by 451
- Authors
- de Vries, A. L. C., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T.
- Affiliations
- VU University Medical Center
- Venue
- Journal of Homosexuality
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 301-320
- ISSN
- 0091-8369 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-3602
- OpenAlex
- W2135071764
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 26.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Homosexuality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
- Keywords
- gender dysphoria, children, adolescents, puberty suppression, cross-sex hormones, expectant management, prepubertal children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Counseling, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Parents, Puberty, Transsexualism, Watchful Waiting
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