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Participating in Development? Refugee protection, politics and developmental approaches to refugee management in Uganda
Open accessAbstract
This article examines an attempt by the government of Uganda and unhcr to implement a developmental ‘Self Reliance Strategy’ in response to the needs of 188 000 long-term Sudanese refugees and their hosts in Uganda, and analyses some of the conceptual, political and practical issues arising from it. It contends that conditions of extreme insecurity in the north of the country, and the fact that refugees in Uganda do not enjoy freedom of movement, undermine from the outset prospects for a successfully integrative and developmental approach to refugee assistance. It argues that the rights and well-being of refugees in Uganda are subordinated to the government's wider political objectives in relation to Uganda's internal conflict, and with respect to its relations with the international donor community. It concludes that, while developmental approaches promise a number of advantages in protracted refugee situations, ways must be found of ensuring that the protection needs, as well as the socioeconomic needs, of refugees are assured.
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“As part of the SRS, refugees were given free plots of land in designated areas now known as”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 2005
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“When the SRS strategy was first implemented in 1999, the goal was for refugees within Uganda at the time to become economically independent and for settlements to evolve into”
From Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study (2025) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 2005
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
- A Jamal, Minimum Standards and Essential Needs in a Protracted Refugee Situation: A Review of the UNHCR Programme in Kakuma, Kenya, UNHCR Evaluation Report, 2000.
- For example, BE Harrell-Bond, Imposing Aid: Emergency Assistance to Refugees, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986;
- R Black, 'Putting refugees in camps', Forced Migration Review, 2, 1998, pp 4 -7; and J Hyndman, Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.
- See, for an earlier example from Uganda, K Neefjes, 'Participatory review in chronic instability: the experience of the Ikafe refugee settlement programme, Uganda', Humanitarian Practice Network Paper 29, Overseas Development Institute, London, 1999; and L Payne, Rebuilding Communities in a Refugee Settlement: A Casebook from Uganda, Oxford: Oxfam, 1998.
- 'The humanitarian crisis in Uganda is far from over. Uganda continues to face funding shortfalls because it is widely, but erroneously, perceived as a success story in rehabilitation and recovery. This shifts attention away from the ongoing complex humanitarian crisis.' UN OCHA Geneva, Consolidated Appeals Process Uganda, 2003. See also Human Rights Watch, LRA Conflict in Northern Uganda and Southern Sudan, 2002, at http://hrw.org/press/2002/10/uganda1029-bck.htm.
- A Kiapi, 'The legal status of refugees in Uganda: a critical study of legislative instruments', in AGG Gingyera-Pinycwa, Uganda and the Problem of Refugees, Kampala: Makerere University Press, 1998. 15 Crisp, No Solutions in Sight. 16 UNHCR Kampala/Office of the Prime Minister, Self Reliance for Refugee Hosting Areas in Moyo, Arua and Adjumani Districts 1999 -2003, 1999.
- T Kaiser, 'The UNHCR and withdrawal from Kiryandongo: anatomy of a handover', Refugee Survey Quarterly, 21 (1&2), 2002, pp 201 -227.
- T Kaiser, 'Experience and consequences of insecurity in a refugee populated area in northern Uganda', Refugee Survey Quarterly, 19 (1), 2000, pp 38 -53.
- For example, the Settlement Commandant at Kyangwali camp in Hoima gets a much more mixed press from refugees and observers. Not only has he been accused of abusing some refugees, but his management style is reportedly authoritarian and he appears to be antipathetic to the idea of sharing power. 29 Such 'agreement' appears to have been news to some of the UNHCR personnel listening to the speech. It was difficult to find anyone in Uganda who disagreed with the refugees' view that Yumbe and Arua were unsuitable for refugee settlement on security grounds. The experience of an earlier refugee population who had been repeatedly attacked by rebel groups at the Ikafe refugee settlement near Yumbe town in 1996 -97 was, predictably, recalled with trepidation. See Payne, Rebuilding Communities in a Refugee Settlement. In late November 2002 The New Vision newspaper reported that 'The Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II) rebels recently held a presidential envoy, Brig Kale Kaihura, at gunpoint at their camp in Bidi-Bidi, Yumbe'. B Mugisha & G Matsiko, 'Brig Kaihura harassed', The New Vision, 26 November 2002.
- G Goodwin-Gill, 'Refugee identity and protection's fading prospect', in F Nicholson & P Twomey (eds), Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- K Jacobsen, 'Can refugees benefit the state? Refugee resources and African statebuilding', Journal of Modern African Studies, 40 (4), 2002, pp 577 -596.
Cited by
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Kaiser, T. (2006) · The Journal of Modern African Studies · doi:10.1017/s0022278x06002102 · Cited by 105
Self-citationTorre, C. (2023) · London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) · doi:10.21953/lse.00004557
Sexual and gender-based violence against South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: a mixed-methods study
Michaelsen, S. (2025) · Université de Montréal · doi:10.71781/1596
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaiser, T.
- Corresponding author
- Kaiser, Tania
- Venue
- Third World Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 351-367
- ISSN
- 0143-6597 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-2241
- OpenAlex
- W2066965427
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Third World Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Law › Migration, Racism, and Human Rights
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
- Keywords
- refugee protection, Sudanese refugees, Uganda, UNHCR, refugee integration, freedom of movement, internal conflict, donor relations, protracted refugee situations, refugee rights
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