Chemical characterization of tobacco-free “modern” oral nicotine pouches and their position on the toxicant and risk continuums
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Nicotine pouches contain lower levels than snus of 10 harmful and potentially harmful tobacco constituents and undetectable levels of a further 13 such constituents.
“The comparatively simple composition of NPs relative to snus is reflected in a recent toxicant analysis, which showed that NPs contain lower levels than snus of 10 harmful and potentially harmful tobacco constituents (HPHCs) and undetectable levels of a further 13 HPHCs [20].”
From A Randomised Study to Investigate the Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of Oral Nicotine Pouches and a Combustible Cigarette (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Supplementary Table S3 (page not given) compares snus and nicotine pouches and shows lower estimated exposure for some constituents, including NNN and NNK, while marking many pouch results “NQ” (not quantified). It does not establish the claimed counts of 10 lower-level constituents and 13 undetectable constituents; “not quantified” is not necessarily “undetectable.” (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe extraction of nicotine from NPs during use appears to be greater than the extraction of nicotine from snus; 58% on average over 60 min compared with 33% on average from snus.
“The extraction of nicotine from NPs during use appears to be greater than the extraction of nicotine from snus; 58% on average over 60 min [21] compared with 33% on average from snus [20].”
From A Randomised Study to Investigate the Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of Oral Nicotine Pouches and a Combustible Cigarette (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Unlike snus, nicotine pouches typically do not contain tobacco but pharmaceutical grade nicotine absorbed onto a cellulose matrix in a porous pouch.
“Unlike snus, however, NPs typically do not contain tobacco but pharmaceutical grade nicotine absorbed onto a cellulose matrix in a porous pouch [19–21].”
From A Randomised Study to Investigate the Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of Oral Nicotine Pouches and a Combustible Cigarette (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Snus and TF-ONPs contain hazardous and potentially hazardous constituents (HPHCs), such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).
“as well as some hazardous and potentially hazardous constituents (HPHCs), such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)”
From Comparison of the Health Effects Associated with the Use of Snus and Tobacco-Free Oral Nicotine Pouches: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Azzopardi et al. 2022
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
null (2016) · Philosophy Study · doi:10.17265/2159-5313/2016.09.003 · Cited by 28,317 · see citing works
Lunell, E., Fagerström, K., Hughes, J., & Pendrill, R. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa068 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Baker, R.R. and Dixon, M., 2006. The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract. Inhal. Toxicol. 18:4, 255-294. doi: 10.1080/08958370500444163. · DOI
- Feng, S. et al., 2007. A New Method for Estimating the Retention of Selected Smoke Constituents in the Respiratory Tract of Smokers During Cigarette Smoking. Inhal. Toxicol. 19:2, 169-179. doi: 10.1080/08958370601052022. · DOI
- Margham, J. et al., 2016. Chemical composition of aerosol from an e-cigarette: A quantitative comparison with cigarette smoke. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 29 (10), 1662-1678.
- Roemer, E. et al., 2012. Mainstream smoke chemistry and in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the reference cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F. Beiträge zur tabakforschung international. 25, 1, 316- 335. doi: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0912. · DOI
- Mitova, M. I., et al., 2019. Air quality assessment of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 under simulated residential conditions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 12, 807-823. doi: 10.1007/s11869-019-00697-6. · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
McEwan, M., Azzopardi, D., Gale, N., Camacho, O. M., Hardie, G., Fearon, I. M., & Murphy, J. (2022) · European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s13318-021-00742-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationKopa-Stojak, P. N., & Pawliczak, R. (2026) · Exposure and Health · doi:10.1007/s12403-026-00812-w
- Authors
- Azzopardi, D., Liu, C., & Murphy, J.
- Affiliations
- Research and Development, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Southampton, UK
- Venue
- Drug and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-05-25
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2246-2254
- ISSN
- 0148-0545
- 1525-6014
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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