Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections: an update
Open accessAbstract
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV4) are important ubiquitous equine viral pathogens, causing much damage to the horse industry. EHV1 strains are associated with respiratory disease, abortion, and paresis/paralysis, whereas EHV4 strains are predominantly associated with respiratory disease. In the past decades much research effort has been put into improving knowledge about these viruses. In this paper the current state of knowledge of these viruses and the most important aspects of these virus infections, e.g. epidemiology, clinical aspects, pathogenesis and pathology, immunity, diagnosis, preventive management and management in the course of an outbreak and vaccination, is reviewed. Because we performed some research ourselves in the areas of diagnosis, epidemiology and vaccinology these aspects are reviewed in more depth than the other aspects. Still many questions have remained and new questions have risen. Consequently, research priorities should be made in an attempt to answer these questions. Therefore, this review ends with some personal recommendations for important priorities for future research.
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Upon entry into the host, EHV-1 first replicates in a restricted plaquewise manner in epithelial cells lining the upper respiratory tract, including nasal septum, nasopharynx, and trachea.
“Upon entry into the host, EHV-1 first replicates in a restricted plaquewise manner in the epithelial cells lining the URT, including nasal septum, nasopharynx, and trachea (van Maanen, 2002; Gryspeerdt et al., 2010; Figure 1.1a).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as van Maanen, 2002
The Respiratory disease section says that after inhalation EHV-1 multiplies in the epithelia of the nasal cavities, pharynx and trachea before spreading to regional lymph nodes. It does not describe that replication as restricted or plaquewise, or specifically identify the nasal septum. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEHV-1 infects PBMC and is transferred to endothelial cells via cell-associated viremia, causing severe outcomes including abortion, perinatal mortality, neurological disorders, and death.
“Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is another example of herpesviruses infecting PBMC and then being transferred to EC via cell-associated viremia causing severe outcomes including abortion, perinatal mortality, neurological disorders, and death (Chowdhury et al., 1986; Van Maanen, 2002).”
From Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells (2020) · cites this paper as Van Maanen, 2002
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References 165 · Cited by 117
Research works printed but not linked: 31
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- Authors
- van Maanen, C.
- Venue
- Veterinary Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 57-78
- ISSN
- 0165-2176 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-5941
- OpenAlex
- W2001410333
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Veterinary Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Equine › Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, equine herpesvirus 4, horses, respiratory diseases, abortion (veterinary), paresis, clinical signs, pathogenesis, pathology, immunity, diagnosis, vaccination, epidemic control, preventive management
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Veterinary, Animals, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Female, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Pregnancy, Respiratory Tract Infections, Viral Vaccines, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Central Nervous System Viral Diseases, Herpesvirus 4, Equid
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