The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exploring the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education: moving beyond questions of relevance to issues of power and authority
Open accessAbstract
The ‘theory-practice divide’ in teacher education can be viewed not simply as an acceptance of a body of knowledge but instead an acceptance of the teacher educator’s authority to determine what is relevant educational theory. This research aimed to explore student teachers’ views of ‘educational theory’ and how it was discursively positioned relative to their practice in an attempt to examine whether their acceptance or rejection of it was also related to accepting the authority of the teacher educator. Using one-to-one interviews with 23 student teachers and employing a discourse analysis, four categories of students emerged. The paper describes these four categories and discusses the implications of these findings for initial teacher education and our understanding of the ‘theory-practice’ gap.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Extensive research over the past few decades highlights the impact of a theory-practice gap (Allen & Wright, 2013;McGarr et al., 2016)”
From Using LEGO® Six Bricks® as an educational resource to address challenges pre-service teachers face during school-based teaching practice (2025) · cites this paper as McGarr et al., 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Foucault, M. (1970) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901847000900108 · Cited by 11,460
Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2 · Cited by 9,184
Corwin, R. G., & Lortie, D. C. (1976) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576192 · Cited by 6,352
Positioning: The Discursive Production of Selves
DAVIES, B., & HARRÉ, R. (1990) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1990.tb00174.x · Cited by 5,357
(1987) · Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) · Cited by 4,513
Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour
BOWERS, J. (1988) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00818.x · Cited by 2,052
Inquiry as stance: practitioner research for the next generation
Mockler, N. (2010) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2010.525018 · Cited by 1,664
Opening Pandora's Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discourse.
Gieryn, T. F., Gilbert, N., & Mulkay, M. (1985) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070471 · Cited by 1,576
The authority of lawEssays on law and morality
Raz, J. (1979) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198253457.001.0001 · Cited by 1,557
Inquiry as Stance: Practitioner Research for the Next Generation
Cochran‐Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (2009) · Cited by 1,416
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 10.1111/jtsb.1990.20.issue-1 · DOI
- Fruechting P., 2010, New Thoughts on the Supposed Theory-Practice Gap
- French J., 1959, Studies in Social Power, 529
- Habermas J., 1984, The Theory of Communicative Action: Vol. I. Reason and the Rationalization of Society
- Teaching Council, 2011, Initial Teacher Education: Criteria and Guidelines for Programme Providers
Cited by
The Research–Practice Dialogue in Second Language Learning and Teaching: Past, Present, and Future
Sato, M., & Loewen, S. (2022) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12791 · Cited by 233
McGarr, O. (2020) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2020.1724654 · Cited by 86
Self-citationThe School–University Nexus and Degrees of Partnership in Initial Teacher Education
Farrell, R. (2021) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03323315.2021.1899031 · Cited by 73
‘Who Is My Research for?’: Researcher Perceptions of the Research–Practice Relationship
Sato, M., Loewen, S., & Pastushenkov, D. (2021) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amab079 · Cited by 62
Lack of qualified teachers: a global challenge for future knowledge development,”
Holmqvist, M. (2019) · Teacher Education in the 21st Century · doi:10.5772/intechopen.83417 · Cited by 48
McGarr, O., & Gallchóir, C. Ó. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103753 · Cited by 40
Self-citationGuilfoyle, L., McCormack, O., & Erduran, S. (2020) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2020.103033 · Cited by 52
Self-citationHan, X. Y., Luo, H., Wang, Z., & Zhang, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1620905 · Cited by 60
Marrying Collective Wisdom: Researcher-practitioner Collaboration in Developing ELT Textbooks
Shu, D., Yang, S., & Sato, M. (2022) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amac074 · Cited by 36
Navigating the research–practice relationship: Professional goals and constraints
Sato, M. (2023) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444823000423 · Cited by 34
The theory–practice nexus in teacher education: new evidence for effective approaches
la Velle, L. B. (2019) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2019.1639267 · Cited by 38
Three professional ideals: where should teacher preparation go next?
Carmi, T., & Tamir, E. (2020) · European Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/02619768.2020.1805732 · Cited by 26
Zhang, J., Pan, Q., Zhang, D., Meng, B., & Hwang, G. (2024) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331231226179 · Cited by 36
Farrell, R. (2021) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03323315.2021.1910976 · Cited by 22
Challenges facing teacher education in Qatar: Q methodology research
Alkhateeb, H., Romanowski, M. H., Sellami, A., Abu-Tineh, A. M. H., & Chaaban, Y. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09845 · Cited by 26
O’Grady, E., Guilfoyle, L., & McGarr, O. (2018) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/1359866x.2018.1469115 · Cited by 21
Self-citationStudent teachers’ and beginning teachers’ coping with emotionally challenging situations
Lindqvist, H. (2019) · Linköping studies in behavioural science · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-156613 · Cited by 21
Wang, Y., Newton, D. P., Moger, P., Ion, G., & Arnau‐Sabatés, L. (2023) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.3405 · Cited by 31
Examining student teachers’ engagement with the theory-practice link in initial teacher education
Tang, S. Y. F., Wong, K. Y. A., Li, D., & Cheng, M. H. M. (2018) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2018.1548167 · Cited by 27
Laletas, S., Grové, C., Sharma, U., OToole, T., & Kaukko, M. (2022) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540602.2022.2062742 · Cited by 16
The role of research experiences in developing pre-service teachers’ epistemic beliefs
Guilfoyle, L., McCormack, O., & Erduran, S. (2024) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2024.104599 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCareer change student teachers: lessons learnt from their in-school experiences
Varadharajan, M., Carter, D., Buchanan, J., & Schuck, S. (2020) · The Australian Educational Researcher · doi:10.1007/s13384-020-00381-0 · Cited by 15
A Fragmented Training Environment: Discourse Models in the Talk of Physics Teacher Educators
Larsson, J., Airey, J., Danielsson, A., & Lundqvist, E. (2018) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-018-9793-9 · Cited by 15
Cowan, P., & Farrell, R. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13030228 · Cited by 18
From Education Policy to Education Practice: Unpacking the Nexus
Prøitz, T. S., Aasen, P., & Wermke, W. (2023) · Policy implications of research in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36970-4 · Cited by 15
Meaningful learning over the course of teacher education: Students’ reflections
Kostiainen, E., & Pöysä‐Tarhonen, J. (2025) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2025.105241 · Cited by 10
Actor Roles in Research–Practice Relationships: Equality in Policy–Practice Nexuses
Prøitz, T. S., & Rye, E. (2023) · Policy implications of research in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36970-4_15 · Cited by 10
Imants, J. G. M., Meijer, P. C., & Blankesteijn, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00064 · Cited by 11
Morrison-Love, D., & Patrick, F. (2022) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2022.2116422 · Cited by 10
Svendsen, A. M. (2019) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2019.1583641 · Cited by 7
Doyle, A., O’Grady, S., & Johnson, M. C. (2025) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220272.2025.2524724 · Cited by 9
Holmqvist, M., Anderson, L., & Hellström, L. (2019) · Problems of Education in the 21st Century · doi:10.33225/pec/19.77.584 · Cited by 8
Holen, R., Gjøtterud, S., Selsaas, T. C., & Helvig, M. S. (2024) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2024.2337213 · Cited by 12
The invisible subject in educational science
Roth, W. (2017) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220272.2017.1373863 · Cited by 6
Health Information Management Reimagined: Assessing Current Professional Skills and Industry Demand.
Beesley, K., McLeod, A. J., Jr., Hewitt, B., & Moczygemba, J. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6
Different dimensions of knowledge in teacher education - a general typification
Nielsen, B. L., & Lund, J. H. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) · doi:10.7577/njcie.3722 · Cited by 7
Shahat, M. A. A., Ambusaidi, A., & Bahri, K. A. (2022) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/12496 · Cited by 4
Using Bee-Bots® in Early Learning STEM: An Analysis of Resources
Bowen, G. M., Knoll, E., & Willison, A. M. (2023) · Contemporary trends and issues in science education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23936-6_9 · Cited by 6
Merma-Molina, G., & Martín, D. G. (2019) · Educatio Siglo XXI · doi:10.6018/educatio.363381 · Cited by 4
Morrison‐Love, D., & Patrick, F. (2025) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.4167 · Cited by 3
Shaukat, S., & Chowdhury, R. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2507544 · Cited by 3
Tveitnes, M. S., Helgevold, N., & Moen, V. (2025) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-025-00651-y · Cited by 3
Examining the formation and evolution of university and school partnerships across four case studies
Heffernan, T. A., Manton, C., Seddon, T., Kostogriz, A., & Barbousas, J. (2021) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2021.1948798 · Cited by 3
Neethling, M., & Nel, M. (2021) · South African Journal of Education · doi:10.15700/saje.v41n4a1942 · Cited by 7
Shahat, M. A. A., Boone, W. J., Ambusaidi, A., Bahri, K. A., & Ohle-Peters, A. (2022) · Journal of Baltic Science Education · doi:10.33225/jbse/22.21.513 · Cited by 3
The Role of Virtual Reality Professional Experiences in Initial Teacher Education
Keane, T., & Chalmers, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2785-2_1 · Cited by 3
Bybee, E. R., Whiting, E. F., Cutri, R. M., & Harris, E. F. (2025) · Equity & Excellence in Education · doi:10.1080/10665684.2025.2586188 · Cited by 2
Illuminating Chinese EFL student teachers’ paradoxical perceptions of theory learning experiences
Yan, C., & He, C. (2021) · Ethnography & Education · doi:10.1080/17457823.2021.2005649 · Cited by 2
Toward Qualified Synthetic Chemist. Step 1: Building and Assessing Basic Skills in Organic Synthesis
Volochnyuk, D. M., Makhankova, V. G., Lyapunov, A. Y., Muravska, L. S., Vitsenko, O. M., & Ryabukhin, S. V. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c01214 · Cited by 2
Mulholland, K., Nichol, D., Counihan, C., Herridge, D., Anderson, A., Meller, S., Luke, C., & Gray, W. S. (2023) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2023.6.s1.6 · Cited by 2
Sinlapaninman, U., Yonwilad, W., & Pattanachai, N. (2023) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i21.41933 · Cited by 2
McLay, K. F., & Renshaw, P. D. (2024) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/1359866x.2024.2330081 · Cited by 3
Bridging Theory and Practice within an Alternative Teacher Education Program
Gürsel-Bilgin, G. (2023) · The Australian journal of teacher education · doi:10.14221/1835-517x.6125 · Cited by 2
The intention-behaviour gap: Three case studies of the application of general pedagogical knowledge
Dittrich, A.-K., & Eloff, I. (2024) · The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning · doi:10.17159/8a4z9c80 · Cited by 2
Kinskey, M. (2025) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-025-10242-4 · Cited by 2
Rama, Bhola, J., Yadav, A., Hazarika, I. K., & Rai, S. (2022) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/09722629221107229 · Cited by 2
Kinskey, M. (2020) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 2
Pérez, I. L. (2023) · ReiDoCrea Revista electrónica de investigación Docencia Creativa · doi:10.30827/digibug.83041 · Cited by 1
Cantali, D., Colville, T., & Purcell, M. E. (2024) · Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice · doi:10.56433/jpaap.v12i1.558 · Cited by 1
Castro-García, M., & Calderón, A. (2025) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2025.2507725 · Cited by 1
Mette, I. M., & Webb, B. (2018) · Maine policy review · doi:10.53558/puay6197 · Cited by 1
Learning to Teach and Teaching to Learn
Liu, K., & Bukko, D. (2021) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8860-4.ch009 · Cited by 1
Virtual Pedagogical Microsystem: An Ecological Model for Preservice Teacher Fieldwork
Donovan, S. J., & Adjei, L. (2024) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.2024.2322980 · Cited by 1
Building Reflective Practices Through a Digital Literacy Portfolio in an Online Context
Arnold, J. M., & Sableski, M.-K. (2019) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0206-8.ch003 · Cited by 1
Viden i læreruddannelsen – en typologi
Lund, J. H., & Nielsen, B. L. (2020) · Studier i læreruddannelse og -profession · doi:10.7146/lup.v5i1.118866 · Cited by 1
Maraisa, E., & Botha, C. (2025) · African Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.21083/ajote.v14i2.8472
Field-Based Learning for Minority Educators
Blankenship, R. J., Paquette, P. F., & Davis, C. H. (2019) · International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development · doi:10.4018/ijtepd.2019070101
Mutende, R. A., Akala, W. J., & Imonje, R. K. (2021) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.20.5.11 · Cited by 3
Career Change Student Teachers: Lessons Learnt from Their In-school Experiences
Varadharajan, M., & Buchanan, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6038-2_8
Field-Based Learning for Minority Educators
Blankenship, R. J., Paquette, P. F., & Davis, C. H. (2020) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3022-1.ch060
Field-Based Learning for Minority Educators
Blankenship, R. J., Paquette, P. F., & Davis, C. H. (2020) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7706-6.ch092
Online Professional Experience: Video as a Medium for Observing and Critiquing Classroom Practice
Anderson, J., Bartlett-Taylor, T., & Thraves, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6532-6_14
Design Sprint Workshops – Exploring a Data-Based Method in Mathematics Education
Herfort, J. D., & Tamborg, A. L. (2023) · Designs for Learning · doi:10.16993/dfl.190
Rodolico, G., McGuire, W., & Sisi, M. (2023) · Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice · doi:10.56433/jpaap.v11i2.547
Student Teachers’ Views on Theory and Practice Following the Study of Arts and Skills Subjects
Kröger, T., Sivenius, A., & Kaivosaari, A. (2023) · Human, Technologies and Quality of Education · doi:10.22364/htqe.2023.46
A Review of the Evolution of Preschool Teacher Authority
Du, J., & Niu, J. (2024) · Applied & Educational Psychology · doi:10.23977/appep.2024.050312
Why Are Teachers Excessively Entitled? Understanding Teachers to Foster Their Ideological Becoming
Ratnam, T. (2024) · Advances in research on teaching · doi:10.1108/s1479-368720240000047003
Faulkner, S. A., & DiCicco, M. (2025) · Current issues in middle level education · doi:10.20429/cimle.2025.29103
Jao, L., Ako, M., Beck, S., & Sahmbi, G. (2025) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.2025.2535357
Lorentzen, M. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2025.2550265
Gustavsson, S., Gyllspång, I., Hellgren, H., & Ståhlfors, G. (2025) · Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter · doi:10.63310/edu.2025.3.58513
Teachers as Master’s Thesis Mentors in Initial Teacher Education
Thorsen, K. E., & Mifsud, L. (2025) · Uniped · doi:10.18261/uniped.48.2-3.3
Aitken, A., & Wiseman, D. (2025) · Springer texts in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02333-9_5
Jones, M.-A., & Mitchell, E. (2026) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2026.2615252
Teaching Quality Evaluation of Food Production Process Course Based on Data Mining Techniques
Shu, Y., Guo, M., Ma, Q., & Li, G. (2026) · Quantum Information and Computation · doi:10.2478/qic-2026-0034
Teacher educators’ conceptions of working the gap between theory and practice
Rübben, R. K., & Rochnia, M. (2026) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540602.2026.2731127
Hortelano, J. C. (2026) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2026.2717801
Metadata
- Authors
- McGarr, O., O’Grady, E., & Guilfoyle, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- McGarr, Oliver
- Venue
- Journal of Education for Teaching
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-11-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-60
- ISSN
- 0260-7476 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0540
- OpenAlex
- W2554644448
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 20.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Hong Kong Education Bibliographic Database (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Pedagogy and Practices
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies
- Keywords
- theory-practice gap, initial teacher education, pre-service teachers, educational theory, student teacher perceptions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.