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An analysis of practice activities and instructional behaviours used by youth soccer coaches during practice: Exploring the link between science and application

Ford, Paul R., Yates, Ian, Williams, A. Mark·2010·Journal of Sports Sciences
DOI 10.1080/02640410903582750
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Abstract

We examined the practice activities and instructional behaviours employed by 25 youth soccer coaches during 70 different practice sessions. We evaluated the extent to which these activities and behaviours differ from those shown in contemporary research to best facilitate skill acquisition. Nine coaches worked with the under-9 years age group and eight coaches each with the under-13 and under-16 years age groups; nine of those coaches were employed at the elite level, nine at the sub-elite level, and seven at the non-elite level. Coaches had players spend more time in activities that were deemed less relevant to soccer match performance, termed "training form" (e.g. physical training, technique and skills practices), than activities deemed more relevant, termed "playing form" (e.g. small-sided/conditioned games and phase of play activities). Coaches provided high levels of instruction, feedback, and management, irrespective of the activity in which players engaged. Few differences in practice activities and instructional behaviours were reported across skill and age groups, implying the absence of any notable age- or skill-related progression. Findings are discussed with reference to recent research in the areas of skill acquisition, motor learning, and expert performance.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 17

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  2. Deakin J. M., 1998, Sport Canada Technical Report
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  6. Jackson R. C., 2008, Developing sports expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice, 104
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  9. Masters R. W., 2008, Developing sports expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice, 89
  10. Owen A., 2004, Insight: The FA Coaches Association Journal, 2, 50
  11. Patterson J. T., 2008, Developing sports expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice, 119
  12. Rushall B. S., 1977, Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2, 15
  13. Schmidt R. A., 2005, Motor learning and control: A behavioural emphasis
  14. Singer R. N., 1999, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 30, 117
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  16. van der Mars H., 1989, Analyzing physical education and sport instruction, 3
  17. Wulf G., 2004, Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice, 121

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Metadata

Authors
Ford, P. R., Yates, I., & Williams, A. M.
Affiliations
  • Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
  • English Institute of Sport (GB)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Ford, Paul R.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2010-03
Volume
28
Issue
5
Pages
483-495
ISSN
  • 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-447X
DOI
10.1080/02640410903582750
OpenAlex
W2110157298
Cited by
322
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI
20.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
youth soccer coaching, skill acquisition, motor learning, expert performance, training forms, small-sided games, feedback, age differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Child, Competitive Behavior, England, Humans, Learning, Pilot Projects, Professional Competence, Soccer, Sports Medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, Teaching, Time Factors, Video Recording, Reproducibility of Results, Feedback, Psychological, Evidence-Based Practice

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