Coaches' interpersonal style, basic psychological needs and the well- and ill-being of young soccer players: A longitudinal analysis
Abstract
This study entailed a longitudinal test of basic psychological needs theory, a sub-theory in the self-determination framework (Deci & Ryan, 2000), in young soccer players. We examined whether changes in soccer players' perceptions of the coaches' interpersonal style (autonomy supportive and controlling) predicted changes in the players' need satisfaction/need thwarting, and in turn, variability in their reported subjective vitality and burnout over the course of a season. Young male soccer players (M = 12.58 ± 0.54 years) completed a questionnaire at two time points in the season [n(T1) = 725; n(T2) = 597]. Changes in the players' perceptions of an autonomy supportive environment significantly predicted changes in psychological need satisfaction (positively) and in psychological need thwarting (negatively). Changes in psychological need satisfaction positively predicted changes in subjective vitality and negatively related to cross-time variation in global burnout scores. In contrast, changes in the players' perceptions of a controlling coach-created environment were positively associated with changes in psychological need thwarting that corresponded to increases in player burnout. Finally, results provided support for the assumed mediational roles of psychological need satisfaction and need thwarting in the social environment to well- and ill-being relationships.
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Many studies in education, physical exercise, and work contexts have referenced the importance of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction to people's motivation and well-being.
“Many studies from education (Tian, Chen, & Huebner, 2014;Wang et al., 2019), physical exercise (Balaguer et al., 2012;Gunnell et al., 2014;Li et al., 2013), and work (Deci & Ryan, 2014;Ilies et al., 2017;Williams et al., 2014) contexts have referenced the importance of BPN Satisfaction to people's motivation and well-being.”
From Development and Validation of a Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Technology Use (2024) · cites this paper as Balaguer et al., 2012
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The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210 · see citing works
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 27,815 · see citing works
On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567 · see citing works
The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_03 · Cited by 1,344 · see citing works
Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211413125 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Quested, E., & Duda, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.32.1.39 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
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Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Mouratidis, A., Katartzi, E., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., & Vlachopoulos, S. (2018) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.07.006 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Trépanier, S.-G., Forest, J., Fernet, C., & Austin, S. (2015) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2015.1074957 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
An Evidence-Informed Framework to Promote Mental Wellbeing in Elite Sport
Purcell, R., Pilkington, V., Carberry, S., Reid, D., Gwyther, K., Hall, K., Deacon, A., Manon, R., Walton, C. C., & Rice, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780359 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Trépanier, S.-G., Fernet, C., & Austin, S. (2016) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2015.1132200 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Technology Use
Moradbakhti, L., Leichtmann, B., & Mara, M. (2024) · Psychological Test Adaptation and Development · doi:10.1027/2698-1866/a000062 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Delrue, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Mouratidis, A., Gevaert, K., Vande Broek, G., & Haerens, L. (2017) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.03.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Balaguer, I., González, L., Fabra, P., Castillo, I., Mercé, J., & Duda, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Balaguer, Isabel
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1619-1629
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W2043029241
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 19.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Physical education and sports games research
- Keywords
- autonomy support, controlling coaching, basic psychological needs, need satisfaction, need thwarting, self-determination theory, youth football players, burnout, subjective vitality, player well-being
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Perception, Personal Satisfaction, Physical Education and Training, Psychological Theory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Soccer, Social Control, Informal, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Personal Autonomy
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