Cited by 349Pesticide Residue Analysis and SafetyAgricultural safety and regulationsOrganic Food and Agriculture

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Pesticide residues in conventional, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown and organic foods: insights from three US data sets

Baker, B. P., Benbrook, C. M., III, E. Groth, Benbrook, K. Lutz·2002·Food Additives and Contaminants

DOI 10.1080/02652030110113799

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Abstract

An analysis of pesticide residue data was performed to describe and quantify differences between organically grown and non-organic fresh fruits and vegetables. Data on residues in foods from three different market categories (conventionally grown, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown/no detectable residues (NDR), and organically grown) were compared using data from three test programmes: The Pesticide Data Program of the US Department of Agriculture; the Marketplace Surveillance Program of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation; and private tests by the Consumers Union, an independent testing organization. Organically grown foods consistently had about one-third as many residues as conventionally grown foods, and about one-half as many residues as found in IPM/NDR samples. Conventionally grown and IPM/NDR samples were also far more likely to contain multiple pesticide residues than were organically grown samples. Comparison of specific residues on specific crops found that residue concentrations in organic samples were consistently lower than in the other two categories, across all three data sets. The IPM/NDR category, based on data from two of the test programmes, had residues higher than those in organic samples but lower than those in conventionally grown foods.

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Authors: Baker, B. P., Benbrook, C. M., III, E. G., & Benbrook, K. L.
ORCID: Baker, B. P.
Benbrook, C. M.
Venue: Food Additives and Contaminants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Pages: 427-446
ISSN: 0265-203X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/02652030110113799
OpenAlex: W2150165474
Cited by: 349
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 15.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Food Additives & Contaminants (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: California Department of Pesticide Regulation
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
Keywords: pesticide residues, organic food, integrated pest management, conventional farming, fresh produce, residue concentration, food safety
MeSH terms: Food Contamination, Fruit, Humans, Pesticide Residues, United States, Vegetables, Food, Organic

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Pesticide residues in conventional, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown and organic foods: insights from three US data sets

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