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“I Amn Not a Utistivc on Thje Typ” (“I'm Not Autistic on the Typewriter”)
Abstract
Facilitated communication involves hand-over-hand or hand-on-forearm support of students as they communicate through pointing at pictures, letters or other objects. Over time, it is expected that the hand and arm support can be faded back. This observational study describes an effort to introduce facilitated communication to 22 students, ranging in age from 3 years 10 months to 21 years, in several US public schools. The students are all labeled autistic and do not speak or speak only with echolalic phrases. The findings include observations of the students communicating with facilitation, language samples, and conversations by the students. The students reveal unexpected literacy and numeracy skills. The appearance of these abilities raises a number of questions concerning prior assumptions about autism, communication, independence and interdependence, and the education of students with and without disabilities.
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Studies claiming authentic authorship through FC have typically not documented the existence of eye contact of the participant with the keyboard.
“In effect, studies claiming authentic authorship through FC have typically not documented the existence of eye contact of the participant with the keyboard (Biklen et al., 1991;Niemi & Kärnä-Lin, 2002).”
From Authorship in Facilitated Communication: An Analysis of 11 Cases (2014) · cites this paper as Biklen et al., 1991
None of the six qualities used by Biklen et al. (1991) provide conclusive proof of the validity of FC.
“However, it can be argued that none of these six qualities provide conclusive proof of the validity of FC.”
From Authorship in Facilitated Communication: An Analysis of 11 Cases (2014) · cites this paper as Biklen et al. (1991)
All of the participants had similar diagnoses to those individuals typically included in FC studies, including studies claiming a positive impact for FC.
“However, all of the participants had similar diagnoses to those individuals typically included in FC studies (e.g.Montee, Miltenberger, & Wittrock, 1995), including studies claiming a positive impact for FC (e.g.Biklen et al., 1991;Tuzzi, 2009).”
From Authorship in Facilitated Communication: An Analysis of 11 Cases (2014) · cites this paper as Biklen et al., 1991
Citations
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References 33 · Cited by 47
Research works printed but not linked: 34
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Metadata
- Authors
- Biklen, D., Morton, M. W., Saha, S. N., Duncan, J., Gold, D., Hardardottir, M., Karna, E., O'Connor, S., & Rao, S.
- Affiliations
- Syracuse University (US)
- Venue
- Disability, Handicap & Society
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 161-180
- ISSN
- 0267-4645 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099909019
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 30.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Disability & Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- facilitated communication, autism spectrum disorder, nonverbal communication, literacy skills, numeracy skills, echolalia, language development, independence and interdependence, special education, students with disabilities
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