The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incidence of mild and moderate brain injury in the United States, 1991
Abstract
The 1991 National Health Interview Survey was analysed to describe the incidence of mild and moderate brain injury in the United States. Data were collected from 46 761 households and weighted to reflect all non-institutionalized civilians. The report of one or more occurrences of head injury resulting in loss of consciousness in the previous 12 months was the main outcome measure. Each year an estimated 1.5 million non-institutionalized US civilians sustain a non-fatal brain injury that does not result in institutionalization, a rate of 618 per 100,000 person-years. Motor vehicles were involved in 28% of the brain injuries, sports and physical activity were responsible for 20%, and assaults were responsible for 9%. Medical care was sought by 75% of those with brain injury; 14% were treated in clinics or offices, 35% were treated in emergency departments, and 25% were hospitalized. The risk of medically attended brain injury was highest among three subgroups: teens and young adults, males, and persons with low income who lived alone. The incidence of mild and moderate brain injury in the United States is substantial. The National Health Interview Survey is an important national source of current outpatient brain-injury data.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“many people, especially in the past, do not seek medical attention following such an injury (45).”
From Mild Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology in People With No Known Participation in Contact Sports or History of Repetitive Neurotrauma (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Concussions are very common in men in the general population”
From Mild Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology in People With No Known Participation in Contact Sports or History of Repetitive Neurotrauma (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
Citations
Cites
Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey.
Ss, J. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 1,866
Disability Caused by Minor Head Injury
Rimel, R. W., Giordani, B., Barth, J. T., Boll, T. J., & Jane, J. A. (1981) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/00006123-198109000-00001 · Cited by 1,006
Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: a three-center study
Levin, H. S., Mattis, S. A., Ruff, R. M., Eisenberg, H. M., Marshall, L. F., Tabaddor, K., High, W. M., & Frankowski, R. F. (1987) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.2.0234 · Cited by 778
Jennett, B. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.4.362 · Cited by 668
Moderate Head Injury: Completing the Clinical Spectrum of Brain Trauma
Rimel, R. W., Giordani, B., Barth, J. T., & Jane, J. A. (1982) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/00006123-198209000-00002 · Cited by 440
THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE BRAIN INJURY AND SERIOUS IMPAIRMENT IN A DEFINED POPULATION
Kraus, J. F., Black, M. A., Hessol, N. A., LEY, P., Rokaw, W. M., Sullivan, C. B., Bowers, S. A., Knowlton, S. L., & MARSHALL, A. (1984) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113737 · Cited by 405
The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935–1974
Annegers, J. F., Grabow, J. D., Kurland, L. T., & Laws, E. R. (1980) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.30.9.912 · Cited by 373
Trends in death associated with traumatic brain injury, 1979 through 1992. Success and failure
Sosin, D. M. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.273.22.1778 · Cited by 289
The National Head and Spinal Cord Injury Survey: major findings.
Kalsbeek, W. D., McLaurin, R. L., HARRIS, B. S. H., & Miller, J. D. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 266
&NA; (1952) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-195204000-00019 · Cited by 243
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death,, 1977, 9th revision (World Health Organization
- POPE A. M., 1991, Toward a National Agenda for Prevention (national Academy Press, Washington, DC), p, 153
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 592
Wyck, D. V., Kolls, B. J., Wang, H., Cantillana, V., Maughan, M., & Laskowitz, D. T. (2022) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-022-06417-4 · Cited by 6
When Service Members With Traumatic Brain Injury Become Students
Helms, K. T., & Libertz, D. (2013) · Adult Learning · doi:10.1177/1045159513510145 · Cited by 6
Cook, C., & Suhr, J. (2016) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2016.1139186 · Cited by 7
Hadanny, A., Maroon, J. C., & Efrati, S. (2023) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4161 · Cited by 6
Naeser, M. A., Saltmarche, A. E., Krengel, M., Hamblin, M. R., & Knight, J. (2010) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.842510 · Cited by 7
Management of head injury in a regional hospital
Eguare, E. I., Tierney, S., Barry, M. C., & Grace, P. A. (2000) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/bf03166909 · Cited by 6
Behavioral and Psychiatric Comorbidities of TBI
Collins, R. L., Pastorek, N. J., Tharp, A. T., & Kent, T. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-87887-4_13 · Cited by 5
Case Report: Focal Motor Seizure in a Wrestler with a Sport-Related Concussion
Meehan, W. P., III, Hoppa, E., & Capraro, A. (2008) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2008.12.21 · Cited by 5
Izadi-Avanji, F. S., Fakharian, E., & Alavi, N. M. (2010) · KAUMS Journal · Cited by 5
Majumder, P., Khandelwal, S. K., Sood, M., Nehra, A., & Sharma, B. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour · doi:10.4103/0971-8990.174593 · Cited by 5
Environmental and Physiological Factors Affect Football Head Impact Biomechanics
Mihalik, J. P., Sumrall, A. Z., Yeargin, S. W., Guskiewicz, K. M., KING, K. B., Trulock, S. C., & Shields, E. W. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001325 · Cited by 5
Therapeutic Hypothermia: Adverse Events, Recognition, Prevention and Treatment Strategies
Lakshmanan, R., Sadaka, F. G., & Palagiri, A. V. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/55022 · Cited by 5
Sleep in Traumatic Brain Injury and Other Acquired CNS Conditions
Mahowald, M. W. (1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780824741914.ch18 · Cited by 5
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Brain Injury
(2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/3380 · Cited by 5
Recommendations for the Use of Mouthguards in Contact Sports
Desmarteau, D. (2006) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1097/01.csmr.0000306427.16414.1b · Cited by 5
Cognitive Performance and Diagnosis Threat
Salazar, R. D. (2011) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 5
Markovic, G. (2017) · Figshare · Cited by 5
Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations in traumatic brain injury: a hospital-based study from Nepal
Gurung, J., Karn, M., Gurung, P. K., & Sapkota, S. (2024) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001818 · Cited by 4
Joannides, A. J., Korhonen, T. K., Clark, D., Gnanakumar, S., Venturini, S., Mohan, M., Bashford, T., Baticulon, R. E., Devi, B. I., Esene, I. N., et al. (2024) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13377.2 · Cited by 4
Non-traumatic Coma in Children in South-East of Iran
Khajeh, A., Miri‐Aliabad, G., & Fayyazi, A. (2014) · Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics · doi:10.17795/compreped-25049 · Cited by 4
Exercise intervention in acquired brain injury rehabilitation: A discussion
Blake, H., & Batson, M. (2008) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2008.15.4.29037 · Cited by 4
Exploring Relationships in Surface-Hardness Data Collected With Different Instruments
Thoms, A. W., Brosnan, J. T., Sorochan, J. C., & Saxton, A. M. (2016) · Journal of Testing and Evaluation · doi:10.1520/jte20140423 · Cited by 4
LEATHEM, J. M., & Christianson, M. K. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29681-4_23 · Cited by 4
In-vivo and In-vitro Investigations to Assess Traumatic Brain Injury
Bhardwaj, H., Vasudeva, N., & Sharma, S. (2023) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527322666230221115328 · Cited by 4
Kuniyoshi, S. M., & Suárez, J. I. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-660-7_22 · Cited by 4
Introductory Chapter: Neurological Disorders - Therapy Approaches
de Sá-Caputo, D. D. C., Bernardo-Filho, M., Seixas, A., & Taïar, R. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97178 · Cited by 4
O’Dell, M. W., Bell, K. R., & Sandel, M. E. (1998) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90115-0 · Cited by 4
Medicaid Waiver Programs for Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
Kitchener, M., Ng, T., Grossman, B. R., & Harrington, C. A. (2005) · Journal of Health & Social Policy · doi:10.1300/j045v20n03_03 · Cited by 4
Predicting Postconcussive Symptoms After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents
Yeates, K. O. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0295-8_15 · Cited by 4
Stys, P. K., & Waxman, S. G. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012439510-7/50094-2 · Cited by 4
Six degree of freedom head acceleration measurements in football players
Rowson, S., Chu, J. J., Beckwith, J. G., Greenwald, R. M., Stitzel, J. D., Kimpara, H., & Duma, S. M. (2007) · Cited by 4
Smith, C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85654-6.00010-1 · Cited by 4
A clinical decision-making rule for mild head injury in children less than three years old
Buchanich, J. M. (2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 4
Tong, K. A., Holshouser, B. A., & Wu, Z. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9780470905203.ch11 · Cited by 4
Myers, M. H., Kalyanakumar, N., & Harris, P. (2024) · Neuroscience Insights · doi:10.1177/26331055241303165 · Cited by 4
Meyer, M. D. E. (2007) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-007-9008-4 · Cited by 3
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Neurophysiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Barlow, K. M., & Seeger, T. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802001-2.00017-5 · Cited by 3
Should you let your child play football? What about soccer or hockey?
Ferraro, F. R., Cuccolo, K., & Wise, R. A. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2019.1654385 · Cited by 3
Thomas, D. G. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89545-1_6 · Cited by 3
Traumatic brain injury. North Carolina's challenge.
Cg, S., Pe, V., & Meyer, R. E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Lucas, S. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800901-7.00013-6 · Cited by 3
Selected Issues in Forensic Neuropsychology
Goodyear, B., & Umetsu, D. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47923-0_12 · Cited by 3
Student athlete concussions and postconcussion syndrome
Nuwer, M. R., Nuwer, J. M., & Tsao, J. W. (2018) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000529 · Cited by 3
Spiegel, E. P., & Vanderploeg, R. D. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0696 · Cited by 3
Sociodemographical and clinical presentation of traumatic brain injury patients
Mondol, M. A., Rahman, N., Akhter, S., Ahmed, B., Rahman, A., Momen, M. A., Rahman, M., & Talukder, D. C. (2013) · Journal of Dhaka Medical College · doi:10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15623 · Cited by 2
Animal Models of Traumatically-Induced Dementia
Slemmer, J., Hossain, M. Z., & Weber, J. (2011) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-898-0_32 · Cited by 34
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Cancel, D., & Alejandro, R. E. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54456-6.00007-4 · Cited by 2
Development of an MMPI reference group for outpatients with persisting symptoms following mild TBI
Childs, A., Bertisch, H. C., Talis, E., Ricker, J. H., & Rath, J. F. (2022) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2022.2140834 · Cited by 2
Nerve tissue engineering on degradable scaffold
Chandy, T. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824064-9.00011-3 · Cited by 3
Heads in the Game: A STEM high school concussion outreach and research program
Morrison, M. A., Valliant, M. W., Waddell, D. E., Robinson, J., Woodard, L., & Humphrey, G. (2016) · IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) · doi:10.1109/isecon.2016.7457541 · Cited by 2
McAllister, T. W. (2002) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2002-17401 · Cited by 2
Colucci, D. A. (2015) · The Hearing Journal · doi:10.1097/01.hj.0000470893.76070.50 · Cited by 2
Culebras, A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00098-2 · Cited by 2
Pereira, C. U., Barreto, A. S., & Moreira, L. C. D. M. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia Brazilian Neurosurgery · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1625464 · Cited by 2
Neuroimaging in traumatic brain imaging
Lee, B., & Newberg, A. B. (2005) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/bf03206678 · Cited by 2
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes
Yakovlenko, Y. G., Fomin, V. L., Викторович, Ч. Н., & Chertov, O. V. (2023) · Medical Herald of the South of Russia · doi:10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-2-97-105 · Cited by 2
Koskinen, S. K. (2011) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
Traumatic Brain Injury and Seizures in the ICU
Beaumont, A. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-532-3_4 · Cited by 2
Geurtsen, G. J., Vughts, M., Martina, J. D., & Voerman, V. F. (2004) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/bf03079004 · Cited by 2
Walker, S., & Wicks, B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05988-8_300377 · Cited by 2
Traumatic Brain Injury and Seizures in the ICU
Beaumont, A., & Sinson, G. P. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-841-0_3 · Cited by 2
Porter, C. D. (1999) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30218-3 · Cited by 2
Prediction of Disability after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Canning, N., & Ruff, R. M. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28919-4_15 · Cited by 2
Effects of sleep symptomatology post-concussion on return to sport in collegiate athletes
Peplowski, A. D., & Liebl, A. L. (2025) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2025.2487933 · Cited by 1
Kuo, P.-H., Tang, T.-H., Huang, S.-H., Hsieh, B., Lu, C., & Kao, Y. J. (2025) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/67011 · Cited by 1
Indications and timing for CT scan in traumatic brain injury and analysis of CT scan findings
Be, P. K., Hegde, K. V., Agrawal, A., & Rooparani, K. (2012) · Narayana Medical Journal · Cited by 1
Gauthier, L. V., & Taub, E. (2009) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02812-0_89 · Cited by 1
Characterizing Diffuse Brain Injuries from Real-World Motor Vehicle Impacts
Yoganandan, N., Gennarelli, T. A., & Pintar, F. A. (2007) · Cited by 1
Woodcock, T. (2010) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1
Engineering a high throughput axon injury system
Magou, G. C., Guo, Y., Choudry, M., Chen, L., Hususan, N., Masotti, S., & Pfister, B. J. (2010) · IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC) · doi:10.1109/nebc.2010.5458252 · Cited by 1
Sabin, M. J. (2011) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 1
Accidental and Nonaccidental Injury of the Pediatric Brain and Spine
Huisman, T. A. G. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2628-5_38 · Cited by 1
Kang, M., & Park, H. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
Everhart, D. E., & Loveless, J. P. (2016) · International Journal of Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2376-0281.1000210 · Cited by 1
Marion, D. W. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7525-3.50066-2 · Cited by 1
Hamblin, M. R., Taboada, L. H. D., & Huang, Y. (2016) · Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315364827-22 · Cited by 1
Arfat, M., Verma, A. P., Shukla, A. K., & Mittal, K. K. (2019) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192527 · Cited by 1
Culebras, A. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00093-1 · Cited by 1
Alexandris, A. S., Rafaels, K. A., Horsmon, M. S., Wozniak, S., Belamarich, J., Flores, P., Frangakis, C., Ryu, J., Iacono, D., Perl, D. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0306 · Cited by 1
De gevolgen van traumatisch hersenletsel, een onderschat probleem in de huisartsenpraktijk?
Vugts, M., Geurtsen, G. J., Martina, J. D., Voerman, V. F., Rulkens, M., & Kuiper, A. (2005) · Huisarts en Wetenschap · doi:10.1007/bf03084204 · Cited by 1
The Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
(2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203501740.ch1 · Cited by 1
Predicting Cognitive Impairments with a Mobile Application
Eyigöz, E., Cecchi, G., & Tejwani, R. (2018) · International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) · doi:10.5220/0006734006830692 · Cited by 1
Accidental Head Trauma in Children
Huisman, T. A. G. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46258-4_53-1 · Cited by 1
Radiologic Imaging of Sports-Induced Brain Injuries
Parizel, P. M., Kremling, J., Janssen, C. H. C., Laurijssen, S., Goethem, J. W. V., Huyskens, J., Belder, F. D., Venstermans, C., van den Hauwe, L., & Hecke, W. V. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46491-5_8 · Cited by 1
Rehabilitation Processes following Traumatic Brain Injury
Ta'eed, G. (2012) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · doi:10.25959/23207306 · Cited by 1
Secondary Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Therapy
Engel, D. C. (2008) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 1
Moore, M. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Almosnino, S. (2009) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 1
Effects of headache on clinical measures of neuropsychological function and postural stability
Register, J. K. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/wyvw-fd19 · Cited by 1
Sleep–Wake Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Baumann, C. R. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781118777251.ch20 · Cited by 1
Brain Connectivity and Behaviour in Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Scoping Review ProtocolPreprint
Gumus, M., Santos, A. C., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-28495/v1 · Cited by 1
Brain Injury, Traumatic: Epidemiological Issues
Schwab, K. A., Ivins, B. J., & Salazar, A. Μ. (2003) · Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/00988-6 · Cited by 1
Clinical Assessment of Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Luoto, T. M. (2014) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Betz, J., Zhuo, J., Roy, A., Shanmuganathan, K., & Gullapalli, R. P. (2010) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14998-6_10
Sport Neuropsychology and Cerebral Concussion
Webbe, F. M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0070-7_11
Dysfunctional AMPA Receptor Trafficking in Traumatic Brain Injury
Bell, J. D. (2010) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Detection of Pathologic Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Brandstack, N. (2013) · UTUPub (University of Turku)
Activity restriction for short-term and medium-term outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury
Gravel, J., D'Angelo, A., Carrière, B., Crevier, L., Beauchamp, M. H., Chauny, J., Wassef, M., & Chaillet, N. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010437
Tessler, E. (2007) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Metadata
- Authors
- D. M. SOSIN, J. E. S.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- D. M. SOSIN, J. E. SNIEZEK, D. J. T
- Venue
- Brain Injury
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-54
- ISSN
- 0269-9052 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-301X
- OpenAlex
- W2150445605
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Injury (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- mild traumatic brain injury, moderate traumatic brain injury, incidence, traumatic brain injury, loss of consciousness, motor vehicle injuries, sports injuries, assault, health care utilization, emergency department visits, hospitalization, adolescents and young adults, sex differences, National Health Interview Survey
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Admission, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review