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Cited by 656

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions

Fredrickson, Barbara L.·2000·Cognition & Emotion

Abstract

This article reviews existing empirical research on the peak-and-end rule. This rule states that people's global evaluations of past affective episodes can be well predicted by the affect experienced during just two moments: the moment of peak affect intensity and the ending. One consequence of the peak-and-end rule is that the duration of affective episodes is largely neglected. Evidence supporting the peak-and-end rule is robust, but qualified. New directions for future work in this emerging area of study are outlined. In particular, the personal meanings associated with specific moments and with specific emotions should be assessed. It is hypothesised that moments rich with self-relevant information will dominate people's global evaluations of past affective episodes. The article concludes with a discussion of ways to measure and optimise objective happiness.

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Metadata

Authors
Fredrickson, B. L.
Venue
Cognition & Emotion
Published
2000-07
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
577-606
ISSN
  • 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0600
OpenAlex
W2078381966
Cited by
656
References
71
FWCI
2.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/026999300402808
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Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions. Cognition & Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300402808

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.