Ability versus vulnerability: Beliefs about men's and women's emotional behaviour
Abstract
In the present research we investigated gender-specific beliefs about emotional behaviour. In Study 1, 180 respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with different types of beliefs (prescriptive, descriptive, stereotypical, and contra-stereotypical) regarding the emotional behaviour of men and women. As anticipated, respondents agreed more with descriptive than with prescriptive beliefs, and more with stereotypical than with contra-stereotypical beliefs. However, respondents agreed more with stereotypical beliefs about the emotional behaviour of women than with those about men. These results were replicated in Study 2 with a sample of 75 students and 80 nonstudents. In Study 3, a sample of 279 respondents rated the extent of agreement with the same items, this time with respect to then own emotional behaviour. A similar pattern of results was obtained, although agreement rates were higher than in Study 1 and 2.
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Most research on self-reported measures of emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity or empathy shows that women perceive themselves to be more emotionally intelligent, interpersonally sensitive and empathic.
“indeed, most research on self-reported measures of emotional intelligence (EI), interpersonal sensitivity or empathy shows that women perceive themselves to be more emotional intelligent, interpersonally sensitive and empathic [37].”
From Gender differences in emotion perception and self-reported emotional intelligence: A test of the emotion sensitivity hypothesis (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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References 44 · Cited by 139
- Authors
- Timmers, M., Fischer, A., & Manstead, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-63
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2037326093
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- gender stereotypes, emotional behavior, gender beliefs, gender differences in emotion
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