Shame as a predictor of post-event rumination in social anxiety
Abstract
Evidence shows that people with high social anxiety levels ruminate about distressing social events, which contributes to the maintenance of social anxiety symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the role of shame in maintaining post-event rumination (PER) following a negative social event (an impromptu speech with negative feedback) in a student sample (N = 104). Participants reported negative rumination related to the event one day and one week after the speech. PER measured one day after the speech was not associated with social anxiety symptoms and state anxiety. One week later, participants with clinically relevant social anxiety symptoms experienced greater PER. State shame was the only significant predictor of PER in a regression equation that also included social anxiety symptoms, state anxiety and self-evaluation of performance. Possible explanations and implications are discussed in light of cognitive models of social anxiety.
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The likelihood of shame after receiving negative feedback following a speech task is more strongly predicted by trait social anxiety rather than ratings of state social anxiety immediately following that task.
“Similarly, the likelihood of shame after receiving negative feedback following a speech task is more strongly predicted by trait social anxiety rather than ratings of state social anxiety immediately following that task (96).”
General decreases in shame should reduce the accessibility of negative self-imagery and the tendency to engage in self-critical rumination in response to stressful social events, both of which appear to serve as maintaining factors in SAD.
“For instance, general decreases in shame should reduce the accessibility of negative self-imagery (103) and the tendency to engage in self-critical rumination in response to stressful social events (95, 96, 104), both of which appear to serve as maintaining factors in SAD.”
Among individuals with SAD, self-criticism appears to be applied frequently and inflexibly around social interactions and incorporates a high level of negative self-evaluation.
“Among individuals with SAD, however, self-criticism appears to be applied frequently and inflexibly around social interactions (97) and incorporates a high level of negative self-evaluation (96, 98).”
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References 29 · Cited by 20
- Authors
- Cândea, D.-M., & Szentágotai-Tătar, A.
- Affiliations
- Babeș-Bolyai University (RO)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-10-15
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1684-1691
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2531331038
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Social Fund (POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132400)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- shame, post-event rumination, social anxiety, state anxiety, impromptu speaking, negative feedback
- MeSH terms
- Rumination, Cognitive, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Self-Assessment, Shame, Speech, Young Adult
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