The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
Abstract
A study of ontogenetic variation is used to clarify aspects of tyrannosaurid taxonomy and investigate the supposed phenomenon of dwarfism in the clade. A hypothetical ontogenetic trajectory is described for the relatively well-represented taxon Albertosaurus libratus. The type specimen of the purported “pygmy” tyrannosaurid Nanotyrannus lancensis was compared with specimens of A. libratus and found to share many morphological characters that exemplify immature specimens of the latter taxon. Most of the cortical surface of the Cleveland skull of N. lancensis has immature bone grain. Also, the skull shares unique derived characters with mature specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex, suggesting that the specimen is a young T. rex and not a dwarf tyrannosaurid. An increase in tooth width, accompanied by loss of tooth positions, and a global shift from an immature gracile to a mature robust morphotype in the craniofacial skeleton typifies the ontogenetic changes in T. rex. Similarly, on the basis of immature characters, Maleevosaurus novojilovi is considered to be an immature Tarbosaurus bataar.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2019) · American Museum Novitates · doi:10.1206/novi · Cited by 4,138
Proceedings of the Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia
(1876) · Notes and Queries · doi:10.1093/nq/s5-vi.146.318i · Cited by 3,101
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
(1924) · Nature · doi:10.1038/114085a0 · Cited by 2,329
The Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Gratacap, L. P. (1900) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11.282.807 · Cited by 1,396
Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium
Harrison, G. J. (1993) · Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians · doi:10.2307/30135049 · Cited by 1,230
Brochu, C. A. (1996) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011283 · Cited by 555
Witmer, L. M. (1997) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011027 · Cited by 544
The origin and evolution of dinosaurs
Sereno, P. C. (1997) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.435 · Cited by 426
Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History
HADDON, A. C. (1900) · Nature · doi:10.1038/063003a0 · Cited by 360
Reilly, S. M., WILEY, E. O., & Meinhardt, D. J. (1997) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1006/bijl.1996.0092 · Cited by 268
Cited by
Brochu, C. A. (2003) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.2003.10010947 · Cited by 405
Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs
Erickson, G. M., Makovicky, P. J., Currie, P. J., Norell, M. A., Yerby, S. A., & Brochu, C. A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02699 · Cited by 324
Sampson, S. D., & Witmer, L. M. (2007) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[32:caomct]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 288
Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution
Erickson, G. M. (2005) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.012 · Cited by 257
Ontogeny and the fossil record: what, if anything, is an adult dinosaur?
Hone, D. W. E., Farke, A. A., & Wedel, M. J. (2016) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0947 · Cited by 168
Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, T. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-09-14
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 497-520
- ISSN
- 0272-4634 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-2809
- OpenAlex
- W1990732510
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011161
- The paper
- Carr, T. D. (1999). Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011161
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
