The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teacher training and teacher education in England and Norway: a comparative study of policy goals
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the complementary and differing state‐defined roles of beginning schoolteachers in England and Norway by investigating centrally mandated initial teacher preparation programmes in both countries. Through comparative analysis, we get to see the roles that the policy‐makers in London and Oslo seek to confer upon the educators of future generations of schoolchildren, as well as exploring opportunities for cross‐cultural policy learning. In broad terms, we found that centrally prescribed initial teacher training in England is, as its name implies, a training model that seeks to induct trainee teachers into the practical skills and willingness necessary for: instructing pupils in National Curriculum subjects, managing classroom activities, setting homework to consolidate and extend classroom work and providing pupils with a safe learning environment. Centrally prescribed initial teacher education in Norway is, as its name implies, an educative model whose goal is to help student teachers to: reflect and act upon the practical implications of educational theory, instruct pupils in National Curriculum subjects, display leadership in the classroom, act as a member of a caring profession, promote Norwegian values and provide pupils with a safe learning environment.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the Norwegian framework requires child development and learning to form part of coursework in TE programmes.”
From Knowledge of Child Development in the Interface of Theory and Practice in Foundation Phase Teacher Education. (2017) · cites this paper as Stephens et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“In England, ITT courses are obliged to meet with a series of competencies (called 'Standards') set by the English Department of Education (DfE) (Stephens et al. 2004:114).”
From Knowledge of Child Development in the Interface of Theory and Practice in Foundation Phase Teacher Education. (2017) · cites this paper as Stephens et al. 2004:114
In the citing paper
“The pre-service teachers learn about physical, cognitive, affective and social development in the Knowledge and Understanding section.”
From Knowledge of Child Development in the Interface of Theory and Practice in Foundation Phase Teacher Education. (2017) · cites this paper as Stephens et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“in the courses on child development and learning theory and practice are not always interwoven.”
From Knowledge of Child Development in the Interface of Theory and Practice in Foundation Phase Teacher Education. (2017) · cites this paper as Stephens et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“The 'Standards' (heavy on practice pointers, light on theory) are organised in three interrelated sections: (1) Professional Values and Practice , (2) Knowledge and Understanding and (3) Teaching .”
From Knowledge of Child Development in the Interface of Theory and Practice in Foundation Phase Teacher Education. (2017) · cites this paper as Stephens et al. 2004
1 more claim about this paper
Create a free account to see every claim other papers make about this one.
Citations
Cites
Mills, C. W. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,631
Methodology of Social Sciences
Weber, M. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315124445 · Cited by 2,547
The Practical: A Language for Curriculum
Schwab, J. J. (1969) · The School Review · doi:10.1086/442881 · Cited by 1,279
Big Policies/Small World: An introduction to international perspectives in education policy
Ball, S. J. (1998) · Comparative Education · doi:10.1080/03050069828225 · Cited by 1,189
Lewis, G., & Clarke, J. (2001) · Journal of Education Policy · doi:10.1080/02680930110041410 · Cited by 471
Bauman, Z. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 363
Border Crossings: Towards a comparative pedagogy
Alexander, R. J. (2001) · Comparative Education · doi:10.1080/03050060120091292 · Cited by 185
Students' Perceptions of Class Management and Reports of Their Own Misbehavior
Bru, E., Stephens, P., & Torsheim, T. (2002) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(02)00104-8 · Cited by 169
Self-citationPerceptions of Professionalism by the Mentors of Student Teachers
Wright, N., & Bottery, M. (1997) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607479719981 · Cited by 59
Crossley, M., & Jarvis, P. (2001) · Comparative Education · doi:10.1080/03050060120091210 · Cited by 55
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Bernstein B (1996)Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity(London, Taylor & Francis)
- Duncan BJ, 1998, Philosophy of education yearbook 1998, 1
- Jarvis P, 2002, The theory & practice of teaching, 123
- 2002, The theory & practice of teaching, 1
- Parker S (1997)Reflective teaching in the postmodern world(Buckingham, Open University Press)
- Weber M (1968)Economy and society(Roth C. & Wittich Eds) (New York, Bedminster Press)
- Wilkin M, 1999, UCET Occasional Paper No. 12, 1
Cited by
Pantić, N., & Wubbels, T. (2009) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.005 · Cited by 220
Becoming a student teacher: core features of the experience
Malderez, A., Hobson, A. J., Tracey, L., & Kerr, K. (2007) · European Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/02619760701486068 · Cited by 192
Reflection in teacher education
Ottesen, E. (2007) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623940601138899 · Cited by 154
Still motivated? The motivation for teaching during the second year in the profession
Roness, D. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.10.016 · Cited by 154
What characterises a good practicum in teacher education?
Ulvik, M., & Smith, K. (2011) · Education Inquiry · doi:10.3402/edui.v2i3.21997 · Cited by 101
Literature Review on Teacher Education in the 21st Century
Menter, I., Hulme, M., Elliot, D. L., Lewin, J., Baumfield, V., Britton, A. P., Carroll, M., Livingston, K., McCulloch, M., McQueen, I., et al. (2010) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · Cited by 101
Student teachers’ experiences of initial teacher preparation in England: core themes and variation
Hobson, A. J., Malderez, A., Tracey, L., Giannakaki, M., Pell, G., & Tomlinson, P. D. (2008) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671520701809825 · Cited by 96
A Comparative Analysis of Education Costs and Outcomes: The United States vs. Other OECD Countries
Wolff, E. N., Baumöl, W. J., & Saini, A. N. (2013) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.12.002 · Cited by 91
Teacher Education in Italy, Germany, England, Sweden and Finland
Ostinelli, G. (2009) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2009.01383.x · Cited by 85
Perceptions of interprofessional collaboration within child mental health care in Norway
Ødegård, A., & Strype, J. (2009) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820902739981 · Cited by 72
Ulvik, M., & Riese, H. (2015) · Professional Development in Education · doi:10.1080/19415257.2014.1003089 · Cited by 77
Søreide, G. E. (2007) · Journal of Education Policy · doi:10.1080/02680930601158893 · Cited by 69
Action research – connecting practice and theory
Ulvik, M., Riese, H., & Roness, D. (2017) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2017.1323657 · Cited by 70
Voisin, A., & Dumay, X. (2020) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2020.103144 · Cited by 70
Czerniawski, G. (2011) · European Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/02619768.2011.587114 · Cited by 55
Social pedagogy and the teacher: England and Norway compared
Kyriacou, C., Ellingsen, I. T., Stephens, P., & Sundaram, V. (2009) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/14681360902742902 · Cited by 52
Self-citationBecoming a teacher: Research on the work-integrated learning of student teachers
Botha, C., Botha, L., Bunt, B. J., Conley, L., Dieker, L., Gravett, S. J., Jagals, D., van Vuuren, H. J., Marais, E., Mentz, E., et al. (2020) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2020.bk215 · Cited by 51
Advancing Quality Cultures for Teacher Education in Europe: Tensions and Opportunities
Hudson, B., Zgaga, P., & Åstrand, B. (2010) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4022.7282 · Cited by 44
The (mis)use of the Finnish teacher education model: ‘policy-based evidence-making’?
Chung, J. (2016) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2016.1167485 · Cited by 45
Lærerutdanneres profesjonelle utvikling
Ulvik, M., & Smith, K. (2018) · Uniped · doi:10.18261/issn.1893-8981-2018-04-05 · Cited by 38
Czerniawski, G. (2013) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607476.2013.769339 · Cited by 35
The nature of social pedagogy: an excursion in Norwegian territory
Stephens, P. (2009) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00605.x · Cited by 33
Self-citationQuestions of autonomy in English teachers’ discursive practices
Bakken, A. S. (2019) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2018.1561202 · Cited by 31
Professionals or technicians? Teacher preparation programs and occupational understandings
Evans, L. (2010) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540600903478458 · Cited by 31
Montecinos, C., Walker, H., Rittershaussen, S., Núñez, C., Contreras, I., & Solís, M. C. M. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.09.001 · Cited by 33
Ulvik, M., & Smith, K. (2016) · Uniped · doi:10.18261/issn.1893-8981-2016-01-06 · Cited by 37
Beer, J. J. D., & Gravett, S. J. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.02 · Cited by 36
Kyriacou, C., Avramidis, E., Høie, H., Stephens, P., & Hultgren, Å. (2007) · Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/02607470701450288 · Cited by 28
Self-citationStephens, P., Kyriacou, C., & Tønnessen, F. E. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313830500049004 · Cited by 28
Self-citationRepositioning trust: a challenge to inauthentic neoliberal uses of pupil voice
Czerniawski, G. (2012) · Management in Education · doi:10.1177/0892020612445685 · Cited by 29
Narrative construction of teacher identity
Søreide, G. E. (2007) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 25
Makonye, J. P. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.07 · Cited by 25
Positioning the Values of Early Career Teachers in Norway, Germany and England
Czerniawski, G. (2009) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2009.01391.x · Cited by 22
Partnerships in pedagogy: refocusing of classroom lenses
Spendlove, D., Howes, A. J., & Wake, G. (2010) · European Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/02619760903414116 · Cited by 20
Mifsud, D. (2023) · Teacher education, learning innovation and accountability · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28620-9_1 · Cited by 19
Functions of Assessment in Teacher Education
Smith, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0369-1_12 · Cited by 18
Social pedagogy in schools: student teacher attitudes in England and Norway
Kyriacou, C., Avramidis, E., Stephens, P., & Werler, T. C. (2011) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2011.629689 · Cited by 20
Self-citationTeacher’s Achievement in Curriculum 2013 Training: A Hierarchical Linear Model
Correspondent author, U. N. Y., Junaidin, J., Sugiyono, S., Prof. Dr. M.Pd., U. N. Y., Suryono, Y., Prof. Dr. MS., U. N. Y., Komalasari, K., & Central Kalimantan Province Education Quality Assurance Agency (LPMP), M. O. E. A. C. (2021) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2022.15151a · Cited by 15
Creating an articulate classroom: examining pre-service teachers’ experiences of talk
Fisher, A. (2010) · Language and Education · doi:10.1080/09500782.2010.519775 · Cited by 15
Havenga, M. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.03 · Cited by 18
Teaching About Teaching: Teacher Educators’ and Student Teachers’ Perspectives from Norway
Ulvik, M., & Smith, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01612-8_9 · Cited by 15
The Role of Reflective Practice in Enhancing Teacher Preparation Programs
Malicay, L. G. (2023) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-11973 · Cited by 13
Cosnefroy, L., & Buhot, É. (2013) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540602.2013.827456 · Cited by 13
European Educational Research Association
Wubbels, T. (2020) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781529714395.n653 · Cited by 11
Chapter 5: A self-directed learning approach to large-group teaching: An evaluation
Steyn, H. J., der Walt, J. L. V., & Wolhuter, C. C. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.05 · Cited by 10
Students' voice, aspirations, and perspectives: international reflections and comparisons
Hopfenbeck, T. N. (2013) · London Review of Education · doi:10.1080/14748460.2013.799813 · Cited by 9
Wojtaszek, H., Świecarz, G. P., Micuła, I., & Wójcik-Czerniawska, A. J. (2023) · Journal of Modern Science · doi:10.13166/jms/176681 · Cited by 9
Mead, N. (2011) · Pastoral Care in Education · doi:10.1080/02643944.2010.548396 · Cited by 8
Teacher union and teacher identity
Søreide, G. E. (2008) · Nordic Studies in Education · doi:10.18261/issn1891-5949-2008-03-03 · Cited by 6
Chapter 6: Geography student tutors’ facilitative skills in a problem-based learning environment
Golightly, A. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.06 · Cited by 7
Improvement of Teaching by Mastering Specific Competences: The Competency-Based Approach
Creemers, B., Kyriakides, L. E., & Antoniou, P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5207-8_2 · Cited by 8
Ramsaroop, S., Petersen, N. F., & Gravett, S. J. (2020) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2020.bk215.04 · Cited by 4
Cao, C. D., Vu, H. T. T., Nguyen, T. V., Nguyễn, H. T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2023) · Journal of Education and e-Learning Research · doi:10.20448/jeelr.v10i2.4612 · Cited by 4
Informatics in Schools: Why, What, Who -- and How to Initiate Change?
Brown, N. C. C., Caspersen, M. E., & Kölling, M. (2025) · ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) · doi:10.1145/3724363.3729076 · Cited by 3
Teacher Perspectives of Challenges Within the Norwegian Educational System
Anderson, S. K., & Terras, K. (2015) · ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) · Cited by 3
Czerniawski, G., Garlick, S., Hudson, A., & Peters, P. (2009) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · Cited by 3
Ragpot, L. (2017) · South African Journal of Childhood Education · doi:10.4102/sajce.v7i1.501 · Cited by 2
Sachunterrichtsbildung in England und Deutschland – ein kritischer Vergleich
Kaiser, A. (2009) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-91721-4_26 · Cited by 2
Lubbe, A., Mentz, E., & Petersen, N. T. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.04 · Cited by 3
Toit, A. D., & Pool, J. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.08 · Cited by 7
Initial Teacher Education and Its Representation in Literature: Global Policy Narratives
Mifsud, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76174-9_2 · Cited by 2
Atabey, D. (2020) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.21.44.8.2 · Cited by 2
Enhancing interethnic tolerance in masters of education in Ukrainian multiethnic primary school
Bartosh, O. P., Атрощенко, Т., & Kozubovska, I. V. (2022) · Práxis Educacional · doi:10.22481/praxisedu.v18i49.9262 · Cited by 2
Day, S. (2023) · Teacher education, learning innovation and accountability · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28620-9_10 · Cited by 2
Navigating initial teacher training: becoming a teacher
O’Grady, E. (2011) · European Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/02619768.2011.566921 · Cited by 2
Świecarz, G. P., Miciuła, I., Wójcik-Czerniawska, A. J., & Wojtaszek, H. (2024) · Journal of Modern Science · doi:10.13166/jms/197009 · Cited by 1
Framing teacher education in Chile: Negotiating local, national, and international discourses
Romero, C. F., & Marcano, B. (2016) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 1
Is anyone listening? Women mathematics teachers' experiences of professional learning
Adams, G. (2014) · Open Research Online (The Open University) · doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000d694 · Cited by 1
Powerful subject pedagogical knowledge in teacher education and its integration into practice
Sheehan, H. (2021) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00436 · Cited by 1
A comparison of the teaching experiences of school teachers in Ireland and the United States
Walsh, J. W. (2011) · eSource (Dublin Business School)
Mølstad, C. E. (2008) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Buthelezi, T. M., & Phahamane, P. M. (2016) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2016.sdlr14.09 · Cited by 1
Aykan, A., & Kartal, Ş. (2021) · Tarih okulu · doi:10.29228/joh.49175
Conclusion: The Possibilities and Pitfalls of Normaalikoulu Export
Chung, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89518-1_5
Chung, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89518-1_1
Green, W. (2020) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2020.bk215.0f
Mifsud, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76174-9_9
TURAN, B. N., ÖZKAN, R. A., & Şahi̇n, A. (2023) · Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.32709/akusosbil.1079030
Exploring the influence of Aberu on teacher trainees in Iran: A cultural-historical perspective
Javahery, P. (2025) · Forum for education studies. · doi:10.59400/fes2651
Selvi, B., ÇOBAN, Z., & Orak, S. D. (2025) · Journal of Higher Education and Science · doi:10.5961/higheredusci.1587058
Pastoral aspects of educational leadership: a phenomenological approach
Smith, D. P. (2012) · Digital Commons - George Fox University (George Fox University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Stephens *, P., Egil tønnessen, F., & Kyriacou, C.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- ORCID
- Kyriacou, Chris
- Venue
- Comparative Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-130
- ISSN
- 0305-0068 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0486
- OpenAlex
- W1993478927
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 12.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comparative Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Global Educational Policies and Reforms
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Pedagogy and Practices
- Keywords
- initial teacher education, teacher education policy, England, Norway, policy objectives, national curriculum, classroom management, teacher professionalism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.