The Influence of Potassium Clavulanate on the Rate of Amoxicillin Sodium Degradation in Phosphate and Acetate Buffers in the Liquid State
Abstract
The stability of aqueous admixtures of amoxicillin sodium and potassium clavulanate was studied in the liquid state at selected pH values. Potassium clavulanate was found to catalyze the rate of degradation of amoxicillin sodium under the conditions of this study. In phosphate buffer (at pH 7.0) both amoxicillin sodium and potassium clavulanate showed first-order degradation when stored separately. However, when combined the rate of amoxicillin degradation increased and t(90) values for amoxicillin decreased from 69.6 min for amoxicillin alone to 10.8 min for amoxicillin in the combination at 55 degrees C. A kinetic model was developed that explained the catalytic behavior of potassium clavulanate and phosphate buffer. In acetate buffer the rate of degradation of amoxicillin sodium followed first-order kinetics, but the catalytic effect of clavulanate caused curvature in the rate plots at higher temperatures and clavulanate concentrations. This catalytic effect was less than that occurred in phosphate buffer (where the t(90) value of amoxicillin decreased from 137.3 min for amoxicillin alone to 52.5 min for amoxicillin in combination at 55 degrees C). First-order bi-exponential decay occurred with amoxicillin degradation, which explained this change in rate.
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The trends of CA decomposition in fermentation broth seem to deviate from first and pseudo-first-order kinetics previously reported for CA solutions prepared with standard reactant or commercial formulations.
“The trends of CA decomposition in fermentation broth seem to deviate from first and pseudo-first-order kinetics previously reported for CA solutions prepared with standard reactant or commercial formulations [10,19,23,25,26,27].”
From Degradation Kinetics of Clavulanic Acid in Fermentation Broths at Low Temperatures (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
The shelf lives of CA in supernatants are considerably lower than those reported for CA aqueous solutions prepared with pharmaceutical formulations.
“In all cases, the shelf lives of the CA in supernatants are considerably lower than those reported for CA aqueous solutions prepared with pharmaceutical formulations [24,25,32], possibly due to the addition of some stabilizing components to assure a long life in the commercial product.”
From Degradation Kinetics of Clavulanic Acid in Fermentation Broths at Low Temperatures (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Degradation Kinetics of Clavulanic Acid in Fermentation Broths at Low Temperatures
Gómez-Ríos, D., Ramírez-Malule, H., Neubauer, P., Junne, S., & Ríos-Estepa, R. (2019) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics8010006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Presence of free amino acids and decomposition products in CA solutions increase the degradation rate [18,19]; this might be an indicator of susceptibility of CA molecules to nucleophilic attacks added to the variable catalytic effect of pH [10,17,23,25].”
Background
- Authors
- Vahdat, L., & Sunderland, B.
- Affiliations
- Chosun University (KR)
- Curtin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Vahdat, Laleh
- ORCID
- Sunderland, Bruce
- Venue
- Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-479
- ISSN
- 0363-9045 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5762
- OpenAlex
- W2094866542
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Univerzita Karlova v Praze
- Charles Darwin University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Keywords
- potassium clavulanate, drug degradation, catalytic degradation, degradation kinetics, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, pH dependence, biexponential decay, first-order kinetics
- MeSH terms
- Acetates, Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Buffers, Catalysis, Drug Combinations, Drug Incompatibility, Drug Stability, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Phosphates, Solubility, Temperature, Clavulanic Acid
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