The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Can Coloring Mandalas Reduce Anxiety?
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of different types of art activities in the reduction of anxiety. After undergoing a brief anxiety-induction, 84 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to color a mandala, to color a plaid form, or to color on a blank piece of paper. Results demonstrated that anxiety levels declined approximately the same for the mandala- and plaid-coloring groups and that both of these groups experienced more reduction in anxiety than did the unstructured- coloring group. These findings suggest that structured coloring of a reasonably complex geometric pattern may induce a meditative state that benefits individuals suffering from anxiety.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some evidence in support of this claim was provided by one study that hypothesised that colouring ma ṇḍ alas can induce a meditative state, which in turn is beneficial for individuals suffering from anxiety (Curry and Kasser 2005, 81, 84).”
From Modern Maṇḍala Meditation: Some Observations (2017) · cites this paper as Curry and Kasser 2005
In the citing paper
“Since it is unclear how long the therapeutic effects of colouring will last, Curry and Kasser recommend that colouring be done right before the onset of an anxiety-provoking activity.”
From Modern Maṇḍala Meditation: Some Observations (2017) · cites this paper as Curry and Kasser 2005
In the citing paper
“The meditative effect of colouring on individuals suffering from anxiety is likely also caused by the fact that the colourer is able to disengage temporarily from anxious feelings (Curry and Kasser 2005, 82).”
From Modern Maṇḍala Meditation: Some Observations (2017) · cites this paper as Curry and Kasser 2005
Citations
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.7.936 · Cited by 1,941
The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952-1993.
Twenge, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.6.1007 · Cited by 786
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
Kendall, P. C., & Gosch, E. A. (1994) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1498-9_22 · Cited by 126
Meditation as psychotherapy: A review of the literature.
Smith, J. C. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076888 · Cited by 106
Anxiety, alcohol, aphasia, and ums.
Christenfeld, N. J. S., & Creager, B. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.451 · Cited by 63
An Art Therapy Group for Children Traumatized by Parental Violence and Separation
Kozlowska, K., & Hanney, L. (2001) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104501006001006 · Cited by 61
Effects of meditation on psychological and physiological measures of anxiety.
Boswell, P. C., & Murray, E. J. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.47.3.606 · Cited by 49
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–251 of 251
Emotional and Physiological Arousal of Mandala-Self Model *
Chen, C., & Gao, Y. (2013)
Price, J. (2009) · ProQuest Demo Repository
Emotional and Physiological Arousal of Mandala-Self Model
陈, 灿. (2013) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2013.32014
Palit, M., & Levin, S. B. (2016) · SpringerBriefs in family therapy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39271-4_4
Mandala jako forma ekspresji młodzieży. W kręgu jungowskich inspiracji
Bernacka, R. E., & Turska, D. (2011) · Chowanna · doi:10.31261/chowanna.2011.36.15
Korol, C. T., & Sogge, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75423-9_9
Impact of color response of pattern mandala on self-esteem dimension of juvenile delinquent
Chung, Y.-S. (2014) · 미술치료연구 · doi:10.35594/kata.2014.21.6.006
Hot Off the Press: SGEM #285—Adult Coloring for Anxiety in the Emergency Department
Heitz, C. R., Morgenstern, J., Bond, C., & Milne, W. K. (2020) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13973
mask, S. K., & Amani, M. (2020) · Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research · doi:10.29252/payesh.19.4.455
ESSENTIAL METHODS OF MATH ANXIETY REGULATION
Matsepuro, D. M., Есипенко, Е. А., & Terekhina, O. V. (2021) · Pedagogical Review · doi:10.23951/2307-6127-2021-2-189-198 · Cited by 1
Ortner, R. (2021) · NWCommons (Northwestern College - Iowa)
College students' artistic exploration of their spiritual experience
Jangha, A. G., & Gerber, N. E. (2009) · iDEA - Drexel University Institutional Repository · doi:10.17918/etd-3042
Donahue, E., & Dykeman, C. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ja9q4
Economic Education and Character Well-being of Art Therapy students
Asra, Y. K., Sari, D. C., Shofiah, V., Mukhlis, M., & Rasyidah, U. (2022) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.220107.006
New Properties and Sets Derived from the 2-Ball Fractal Dust
Aguirre-López, M. A., Urbina, J. U. M., & Hueyotl‐Zahuantitla, F. (2023) · Fractal and Fractional · doi:10.3390/fractalfract7080612
Emotions in archetypal media content
Chang, H.-M. (2014) · UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-183885
MANDALA THERAPY: HOPE FOR THE FUTURE
Shamsikhani, S., & Hosseini, M. (2023) · Nursing and Midwifery Journal · doi:10.61186/unmf.21.9.676
Sanatın İyileştirici Gücü 3 Farklı Bakış Açılarıyla Sanat ve İyi Oluş
Girgin, İ. T., Sertkaya, N., Taş, S., Katıgöz, B., Uludağ, D., Yarımoğlu, E., Yurdalan, S. U., Erbay, F., Orak, O. S., Cinkavuk, Ö. C., et al. (2024) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.3206
CHAPITRE 2 La recherche en temps réel
Moffet, C. R. (2024) · Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal eBooks · doi:10.1515/9782760650336-004
A Review of Research on the Mechanism and the Clinical Application of Mandala Art Therapy
陈, 桐. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.1412912
ReNeuWell mental well-being app: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Egan, L. A., & Gatt, J. M. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094557
Žmukić, M., Kosec, M., Muck, D., & Domljan, D. (2025) · Društvene i humanističke studije · doi:10.51558/2490-3647.2025.10.1.609
Wang, B., Li, K., & Lin, Z. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05644-8
Akça, K., & Özdemir, A. A. (2025) · Advances in Neonatal Care · doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000001314
Chromoria VR: Biometric Evidence of the Psychological Benefits of Virtual Reality Coloring
Kim, D., & Kim, J. (2025) · IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) · doi:10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00157
Sun, X., & Hu, Q. (2025) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.18282/po5436
How do individuals with fears of social situations experience making art of their feared situation?
Rosaio, E. E., & Kaiser, D. H. (2013) · iDEA - Drexel University Institutional Repository · doi:10.17918/etd-6140
Turan, G. B., & Aslan, S. (2025) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1177/27683605251406492
Othman, A., Adi, N. S., San, K. H., & Mustafa, Q. M. (2025) · Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.47836/mjmhs.21.4.32
Sakshi, & Dhand, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3877-4.ch018
Amplifying “ Resilience-C’s ”: A Creative Collage Intervention to Promote Resilience Over Stressors
Miller, R. B., Wallace, D. T., & Brown, M. C. (2026) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2026.2638179
Liu, W. Q. (2023) · The Asian Educational Therapist · doi:10.64663/aet.18
Effects of Coloring, Line Drawing, and Erasing on Mood and Physical Condition
Konno, T., Hirose, K., & Kawabata, Y. (2026) · Color Research & Application · doi:10.1002/col.70078
Geng, T., Lai, H., & Jing, L. (2026) · Augmented Humans International Conference (AHs) · doi:10.1145/3795011.3795053
The effect of mandala coloring on postpartum blues: a randomized controlled trial
Dutucu, N., Kırca, A. Ş., & Dağlı, E. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09184-0
Karaaslan, F., & Turan, G. B. (2026) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1177/27683605261456027
Mandala Sanat Tekniğinin Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Stres Düzeylerine Etkisi
Dinçer, Ş., & GİZİR, Z. (2026) · Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.15285/maruaebd.1906410
Liu, L., Hu, H., Xu, J., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1877910
Park, S.-R., Kim, J., Han, J., & Cha, Y.-J. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107497
Machine learning-based depression screening model from pre-drawn structured mandala colorings
Park, S.-R., Kim, J., Jeon, U., Park, C., Lee, S.-S., Han, J., & Cha, Y.-J. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09822-y
From Art Therapy to Art Healing: Solutions for College Students’ Mental Health: A Review
Song, Y., Chen, C., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Arts · doi:10.3390/arts15080180
Mu, T., & Wang, C. (2026) · International Conference on Digital Society and Artificial Intelligence (DSAI) · doi:10.1145/3833541.3833781
Art-Making for Emotional Well-Being: A Review of Non-Clinical Painting and Drawing Practices
Miscenko, A. (2026) · American Impact Review · doi:10.66308/air.e2026080
Lith, T. V., Connors, E., & Isis, P. (2026) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2026.2717799
Nan, J. K.-M., Kang, M., Huang, X. S., & Wang, H. C. (2026) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2026.2724609
Colors of perfectionism - How experimental feedbacks change physiology using Mandalas
Bartos, A., Lobko, A., Çolak, A., Marroquim, R., Körmendi, J., Koncz, Á., & Schwartz, K. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.114120
Metadata
- Authors
- Curry, N. A., & Kasser, T.
- Affiliations
- Knox College (US)
- ORCID
- Kasser, Tim
- Venue
- Art Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 81-85
- ISSN
- 0742-1656 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-9394
- OpenAlex
- W2102958836
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 33.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Art Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Museology › Crafts, Textile, and Design
- Keywords
- mandala coloring, anxiety reduction, art activities, anxiety induction, meditation, geometric patterns, undergraduate students
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review