Getting Over the Hump: Examining Curvilinear Relationships between Adolescent Self-Esteem and Facebook Use
Abstract
Literature examining self-esteem and social networking site use has generally considered linear relationships between these variables. Mixed results in this extant literature and Self-Affirmation Theory indicate that a curvilinear relationship is possible. Data from a survey of 337 Dutch adolescents (ages 12–18) suggest a curvilinear relationship between self-esteem and Facebook use. Relative to higher and lower levels of self-esteem, moderate levels of self-esteem correspond to the highest levels of both Facebook use and specific activities, such as text- and visual-based social contributions. Results clarify our understanding of the relationships between the well-being variable, self-esteem, and social networking site use.
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All studies included in this review found significant weak to moderate negative associations between time of social media use and self-esteem.
“All studies included in this review found significant weak to moderate negative associations between time of social media use and selfesteem (Ciacchini etal., 2023; Cingel & Olsen, 2018; Kelly etal., 2018; Livet etal., 2022; Thorisdottir etal., 2019; Valkenburg, Beyens, Pouwels, van Driel, etal., 2021).”
From Adolescent Social Media Use and Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Cingel & Olsen, 2018
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References 40 · Cited by 18
- Authors
- Cingel, D. P., & Olsen, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Cingel, Drew P.
- Venue
- Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-04-03
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 215-231
- ISSN
- 0883-8151 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6878
- OpenAlex
- W2800393255
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-esteem, Facebook use, social networking sites, curvilinear relationship, self-affirmation theory, adolescents, youth welfare, social media use
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