The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MAINTAINING ENGAGEMENT IN LONG-TERM INTERVENTIONS WITH RELATIONAL AGENTS
Open accessAbstract
We discuss issues in designing virtual humans for applications which require long-term voluntary use, and the problem of maintaining engagement with users over time. Concepts and theories related to engagement from a variety of disciplines are reviewed. We describe a platform for conducting studies into long-term interactions between humans and virtual agents, and present the results of two longitudinal randomized controlled experiments in which the effect of manipulations of agent behavior on user engagement was assessed.
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“This interactive style enhances engagement by establishing a working alliance between the users and the CAs [57,58], reflecting the collaborative relationship between shared treatment goals and tasks [59], which is crucial for treatment success in psychotherapy and counseling [60].”
From Development and Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Chatbot Coach to Facilitate a Balanced Lifestyle in Individuals With Headaches (BalanceUP App): Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Globally, current results [10, 11, 5, 6, 12] lead to the conclusion that the use of ECAs could improve the accessibility and acceptance of computer-based assistive technologies, compared to graphical user interfaces and voice interfaces, especially for older adults with cognitive impairment.”
From Usability assessment of interaction management support in LOUISE, an ECA-based user interface for elders with cognitive impairment (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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“The aforementioned authors have identified the following advantages of ECAs over other kinds of interfaces: naturalness [11, 5, 6], higher levels of attention [10, 11, 5], easy understanding [11, 5], believability [10, 11], higher motivation [10, 12, 13] and effectiveness [10, 11, 5].”
From Usability assessment of interaction management support in LOUISE, an ECA-based user interface for elders with cognitive impairment (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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“In addition, none of these studies involved older adults with cognitive impairment and the study conducted by Vardoulakis et al. was a WoZ study.”
From Usability assessment of interaction management support in LOUISE, an ECA-based user interface for elders with cognitive impairment (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2005) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1067860.1067867 · Cited by 1,333 · cited 4×
“Relational agents are conversational virtual humans designed to build and maintain long-term social-emotional relationships with their users (Bickmore and Picard 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationConsolvo, S., McDonald, D. W., Toscos, T., Chen, M. Y., Froehlich, J. E., Harrison, B. L., Klasnja, P., LaMarca, A., LeGrand, L., Libby, R., et al. (2008) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1357054.1357335 · Cited by 1,133
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bickmore , T. , and L. Pfeifer . 2008 . Relational agents for antipsychotic medication adherence. Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems, CHI'08 Workshop on Technology in Mental Health, Florence, Italy, 1–7.
- Jakobson R., 1960, Style in Language
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fitzpatrick, K. K., Darcy, A., & Vierhile, M. (2017) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.7785 · Cited by 2,730
“This embodied bot was built on substantial design work on establishing human-computer relationships [28].”
BackgroundA Socially Assistive Robot Exercise Coach for the Elderly
Fasola, J., & Matarić, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.5898/jhri.2.2.fasola · Cited by 437
Natural language processing in mental health applications using non-clinical texts
Calvo, R. A., Milne, D., Hussain, M. S., & Christensen, H. M. (2017) · Natural Language Engineering · doi:10.1017/s1351324916000383 · Cited by 405
Gaze tutor: A gaze-reactive intelligent tutoring system
D’Mello, S. K., Olney, A. M., Williams, C., & Hays, P. A. (2012) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.01.004 · Cited by 375
Doherty, K., & Doherty, G. J. (2018) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3234149 · Cited by 299
Metadata
- Authors
- Bickmore, T., Schulman, D., & Yin, L.
- Affiliations
- Northeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bickmore, Timothy
- Venue
- Applied Artificial Intelligence
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-07-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 648-666
- ISSN
- 0883-9514 (ISSN-L)
- 1087-6545
- PMC
- PMC3035950
- OpenAlex
- W1988568632
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CAREER, 0545932)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA119195)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Speech and dialogue systems
- Keywords
- user engagement, long-term intervention, virtual humans, relational agents, human-agent interaction
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