The influence of increased muscle spindle sensitivity on Achilles tendon jerk and H-reflex in relaxed human subjects

Abstract

Whether the fusimotor system contributes to reflex gain changes during reinforcement maneuvers is re-examined in the light of new data. Recently, from direct recordings of spindle afferent activity originating from ankle flexor muscles, we showed that mental computation increased the muscle spindle mechanical sensitivity in completely relaxed human subjects without concomitant alpha-motoneuron activation, providing evidence for selective fusimotor drive activation. In the present study, the effects of mental computation were investigated on monosynaptic reflexes elicited in non-contracting soleus muscle either by direct nerve stimulation (Hoffmann reflex, H) or by tendon tap (Tendinous reflex, T). The aim was to relate the time course of the changes in reflex size to the increase in spindle sensitivity during mental task in order to explore whether fusimotor activation can influence the size of the monosynaptic reflex. The results show changes in reflex amplitude that parallel the increase in muscle spindle sensitivity. When T-reflex is consistently facilitated during mental effort, the H-reflex is either depressed or facilitated, depending on the subjects. These findings suggest that the increased activity in muscle spindle primary endings may account for mental computation-induced changes in both tendon jerk and H-reflex. The facilitation of T-reflex is attributed to the enhanced spindle mechanical sensitivity and the inhibition of H-reflex is attributed to post-activation depression following the increased Ia ongoing discharge. This study supports the view that the fusimotor sensitization of muscle spindles is responsible for changes in both the mechanically and electrically elicited reflexes. It is concluded that the fusimotor drive contributed to adjustment of the size of tendon jerk and H-reflex during mental effort. The possibility that a mental computation task may also operate by reducing the level of presynaptic inhibition is discussed on the basis of H-reflex facilitation.