The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Language Demands of Science Reading in Middle School
Abstract
The language used to construct knowledge, beliefs, and worldviews in school science is distinct from the social language that students use in their everyday ordinary life. This difference is a major source of reading difficulty for many students, especially struggling readers and English‐language learners. This article identifies some of the linguistic challenges involved in reading middle‐school science texts and suggests several teaching strategies to help students cope with these challenges. It is argued that explicit attention to the unique language of school science should be an integral part of science literacy pedagogy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Introduction to Functional Grammar
Matthiessen, C., & Halliday, M. A. K. (1989) · Language · doi:10.2307/414947 · Cited by 9,880
An Introduction to Functional Grammar
Halliday, M. A. K., Matthiessen, C. M. I. M., Halliday, M., & Matthiessen, C. (2014) · doi:10.4324/9780203783771 · Cited by 9,662
Pedagogy, symbolic control, and identity : theory, research, critique
Bernstein, B. B. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,293
Rutherford, F. J., & Ahlgren, A. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,841
Chall, J. S. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,739
Working with discourse: meaning beyond the clause
Sobhie, M. (2004) · DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada · doi:10.1590/s0102-44502004000100011 · Cited by 1,688
Writing science: Literacy and discursive power
Atkinson, D. (1994) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/0889-4906(94)90008-6 · Cited by 1,591
Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and the Activity of the Experimental Article in Science
Dasenbrock, R. W., & Bazerman, C. (1989) · College Composition and Communication · doi:10.2307/357783 · Cited by 1,521
(1988) · Cited by 1,482
How literacy in its fundamental sense is central to scientific literacy
Norris, S. P., & Phillips, L. M. (2003) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.10066 · Cited by 1,398
Cited by
Words as Tools: Learning Academic Vocabulary as Language Acquisition
Nagy, W., & Townsend, D. (2012) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.011 · Cited by 829
Teaching Scientific Practices: Meeting the Challenge of Change
Osborne, J. (2014) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/s10972-014-9384-1 · Cited by 659
Academic Language and the Challenge of Reading for Learning About Science
Snow, C. E. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182597 · Cited by 584
Uccelli, P., Galloway, E. P., Barr, C. D., Meneses, A., & Dobbs, C. L. (2015) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.104 · Cited by 301
Content-area teachers and scaffolded instruction for English language learners
Pawan, F. (2008) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2008.02.003 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Fang, Z.
- Venue
- International Journal of Science Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-04-14
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 491-520
- ISSN
- 0950-0693 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5289
- OpenAlex
- W2089239298
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 36.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Language Demands of Science Reading in Middle School. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/09500690500339092
- The paper
- Fang, Z. (2006). The Language Demands of Science Reading in Middle School. International Journal of Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690500339092
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
