The DOI matches its Crossref record.
From “Incel” to “Saint”: Analyzing the violent worldview behind the 2018 Toronto attack
Abstract
This paper combines qualitative and quantitative content analysis to map and analyze the “Incel” worldview shared by members of a misogynistic online community ideologically linked to several recent acts of politically motivated violence, including Alek Minassian’s van attack in Toronto (2018) and Elliot Rodger’s school shooting in Isla Vista (2014). Specifically, the paper analyses how support and motivation for violence results from the particular structure this worldview presents in terms of social categories and causal narratives.
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In the citing paper
“This is a departure from previous incel research examining community dynamics and discourse on more secluded forums and websites, where more overt ideological expressions, including mentions of and calls to violence and dehumanising language, were identified (Baele et al., 2019; Chang, 2020; Helm et al., 2022; Jaki et al., 2019).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Baele et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Confirming previous literature (Baele et al., 2019; Chang, 2020; Ging, 2017), the accounts aimed to expose women's privilege, unattractive men's victimisation at the hand of women and the immutability of the incel condition.”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Baele et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Conversely, the blackpill is central to the incel belief system and claims that unattractive men are unable to transcend the confines of the social-sexual hierarchy that excludes them, and are forced to live in a state of doomed existence because of women's rejection and privilege (Baele et al., 2019).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Baele et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Blackpilled incels, however, vehemently reject the notion of improvement as they believe looks are genetically determined at birth, and thus, this attractiveness-based social hierarchy is immutable (Baele et al., 2019).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Baele et al., 2019
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An Exploration of the Involuntary Celibate (Incel) Subculture Online
O’Malley, R. L., Holt, K., & Holt, T. J. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520959625 · Cited by 170
Incel (E)motives: Resentment, Shame and Revenge
Cottee, S. (2020) · Studies in Conflict and Terrorism · doi:10.1080/1057610x.2020.1822589 · Cited by 114
The challenges of studying 4chan and the Alt-Right: ‘Come on in the water’s fine’
Colley, T., & Moore, M. D. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820948803 · Cited by 113
“The thread on our workshop was notable for its lack of misogynistic content, which researchers have previously identified as a common aspect of discourse and culture on platforms such as /pol/ (Baele et al., 2019; Marwick and Lewis, 2017).”
BackgroundMenzie, L. (2020) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2020.1806915 · Cited by 111
“…and present threat,’ and the majority of scholarship has been concerned with the violent and extremist ideology expressed within these groups (Nagle, 2016; The Fifth Estate, 2019; Zimmerman et al., 2018), or focused on the motivation behind incel-identified political violence (Baele et al., 2019).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Baele, S. J., Brace, L., & Coan, T. G.
- Affiliations
- Department of Politics, Centre for Advanced International Studies (CAIS), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Venue
- Terrorism and Political Violence
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-08-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1667-1691
- ISSN
- 0954-6553 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-1836
- OpenAlex
- W2966605449
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20
- FWCI
- 37.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Terrorism and Political Violence (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Keywords
- Elliot Rodger, political violence, causal narratives, social categories, support for violence
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