The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sanitation facilities in Kampala slums, Uganda: users' satisfaction and determinant factors
Abstract
Access to improved sanitation is a key preventive measure against sanitary-related gastro-enteric diseases such as diarrhoea. We assessed the access to sanitation facilities and users' satisfaction in 50 randomly selected slums of Kampala through a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010. A total of 1500 household respondents were interviewed. Sixty-eight per cent of the respondents used shared toilets, 20% private, 11% public toilets and less than 1% reported using flying toilets or practising open defecation. More than half of the respondents (51.7%) were not satisfied with their sanitation facilities. Determinants for satisfaction with the facilities used included the nature and type of toilet facilities used, their cleanliness, and the number of families sharing them. The study findings showed that slum dwellers had high access to sanitation facilities. However, most of them were shared and majority of the respondents were not satisfied with their facilities, primarily due to cleanliness and over demand.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“More recently, bad smell has been frequently mentioned as a reason for dissatisfaction with shared toilets [40, 49], discouraging their use and subsequent use of polyethylene bags [37].”
From Are pit latrines in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa performing? A review of usage, filling, insects and odour nuisances (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“In Kampala Uganda, latrines that were not regularly cleaned were associated with bad smells [40] and caused disgust among the users [39].”
From Are pit latrines in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa performing? A review of usage, filling, insects and odour nuisances (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
Citations
Cites
The Millennium Development Goals Report
(2018) · Human Rights Documents online · doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9927-2015002 · Cited by 3,611
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R. B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W. T. A., Haller, L., & Colford, J. M. (2004) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01253-8 · Cited by 1,690
Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done
Wardlaw, T., Salama, P., Brocklehurst, C., Chopra, M., & Mason, E. M. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61798-0 · Cited by 1,097
Water And Sanitation in Developing Countries: Including Health in the Equation
Montgomery, M., & Elimelech, M. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es072435t · Cited by 964
Progress on sanitation and drinking-water 2010 update
worl (2010) · Cited by 831
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
Nations, U. (2010) · Millennium Development Goals Report · doi:10.18356/00399789-en · Cited by 829
Mara, D., Lane, J., Scott, B., & Trouba, D. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000363 · Cited by 594
(2008) · reroDoc Digital Library · Cited by 491
Review: Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea – pinpointing the problem
Curtis, V., Cairncross, S., & Yonli, R. (2000) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00512.x · Cited by 398 · cited 3×
“…such as proper usage, cleaning of the facility and washing of hands with soap at critical times, it leads to a greater effect in the prevention of sanitation- and hygiene-related disease outbreaks (Curtis et al. 2000; Grimason et al. 2000; Bartlett 2003; Biran et al. 2005; Cairncross et al. 2005).”
BackgroundAchieving the ‘good life’: Why some people want latrines in rural Benin
Jenkins, M. W., & Curtis, V. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.036 · Cited by 273
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Jenkins M, 2004, Who buys latrines, where and why? WSP field note
- Keijzer, MA, Bruijne, GD and Hetzer, K. Sanitation in peri-urban areas in Africa. IRC Symposium: Sanitation for the Urban Poor Partnerships and Governance. IRC
- 10.1080/09603120903545745 · DOI
- Mikhael G, 2010, Demand assessment for sanitary facilities and services
- MoWE, 2010, Environment
- Owusu G, 2010, J. Urban. Int. Res. Placemaking Urban Sustain, 3, 140
- Rheingans R, 2006, Int. J. Res. Policy Practice, 1, 31
- UBOS. 2005, 2002, Uganda population and housing census: main report
- UN-HABITAT. Towards goal 7 target 11: overcoming the finance and resource challenges for sustainable housing and urban development. Second African Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Development (AMCHUD). Abuja, Nigeria: UN-Habitat.
- UNICEF and WHO, 2012, Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2012 update
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–123 of 123
Cheung, H. H., Adriano, Z., Dwumfour–Asare, B., Nyarko, K. B., Scott, P., Nalá, R., Brown, J. M., Cumming, O., & Ross, I. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3752636/v1 · Cited by 2
Examining the Role of NGOs in Community Water and Sanitation Improvement
Marley, G., Bazaanah, P., & Oppong, P. (2021) · Practice, progress, and proficiency in sustainability · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8809-3.ch002 · Cited by 1
What works in sanitation promotion?
Aunger, R. V. (2023) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daad162 · Cited by 1
Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
Gebru, B., Elofsson, K., Amuakwa‐Mensah, F., & Marbuah, G. (2025) · Discover Water · doi:10.1007/s43832-025-00238-6 · Cited by 1
Asiimwe, J. B., Namawejje, H., Mirembe, F. R., Adong, A., Achola, J., Nabaasa, H., Mulusew, J., Izudi, J., & Kadengye, D. T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0329307 · Cited by 1
Abalo, J. (2018) · Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-4165-3.ch021 · Cited by 1
Recentralisation and Urban Service Delivery in Kampala Capital City Authority—Uganda
Madinah, N. (2020) · Urban Studies and Public Administration · doi:10.22158/uspa.v3n3p116 · Cited by 1
Zulu, J. M., Mulubwa, C., Sirili, N. S., Silumbwe, A., Chavula, M. P., Munakampe, M. N., Zulu, W., Michelo, C., & Tetui, M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-322266/v1 · Cited by 1
Basinda, N., Chilipweli, P. M., Kisaka, E. B., Shoo, M. P., Tupa, T., Vingson, M. Z., Laizer, J., Konje, E. T., Kapesa, A., & Morona, D. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.03.23289453 · Cited by 1
Slums Are Not Places for Children to
Ernst, K. C., & Phillips, B. S. (2013)
Working Papers in Environmental Social Sciences
Mosler, H., Günther, I., Johnston, R., & Werner, J. (2014)
Self-citationGender and sanitation perspectives in Kampala's slums, Uganda
Tumwebaze, I. K. (2013) · Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University)
Self-citationSocio-economic dynamics of sanitation in the informal settlements of Kisumu City, Kenya
Simiyu, S. N. (2016) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Oka, I. A. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12
Atuyambe, L. M., Atusingwize, E., & Nalwadda, C. K. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-122518/v1
SANITATION FACILITY IN URBAN SLUM AREA: A LITERATURE
Kathiriya, A. (2021) · Towards Excellence · doi:10.37867/te130247
Fanda, R. B., Hasanbasri, M., & Padmawati, R. S. (2021) · Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan (The Indonesian Journal of Health Service Management) · doi:10.22146/jmpk.v19i4.2028
Basinda, N., Chilipweli, P. M., Kisaka, E. B., Shoo, M. P., Tupa, T., Vingson, M. Z., Laizer, J., Konje, E. T., Kapesa, A., & Morona, D. (2024) · MOJ Public Health · doi:10.15406/mojph.2024.13.00442 · Cited by 1
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Akses Sanitasi di Tiap Tipologi Permukiman Kumuh Kota Surabaya
Shahira, S. N. N., & Septanaya, I. D. M. F. (2024) · Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan · doi:10.14710/jwl.12.2.177-192
Bonso, N. K., Essandoh, H. M. K., Seidu, R., Appiah–Effah, E., Duku, G. A., Kazapoe, R. W., & Nyarko, K. B. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113102
Learning from social assessments of innovative non-sewered sanitation in eThekwini
Sutherland, C., Odili, A., Gqaleni, M. C., Buthelezi, S., Khumalo, D., Magwaza, F., Mazeka, B., Mtshali, L., & Lawhon, M. (2026) · PLOS Water · doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000527
Metadata
- Authors
- Tumwebaze, I. K., Orach, C. G., Niwagaba, C., Luthi, C., & Mosler, H.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Makerere University (UG)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Tumwebaze, Innocent Kamara
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 191-204
- ISSN
- 0960-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1619
- OpenAlex
- W2044719162
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 37.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
- Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Keywords
- sanitation facilities, slums, shared toilets, user satisfaction, open defecation, toilet cleanliness, diarrhea prevention, Kampala
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty Areas, Sanitation, Toilet Facilities, Uganda, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review