Can teachers’ summative assessments produce dependable results and also enhance classroom learning?
Abstract
Summative assessments that are integrated within the daily pedagogy of teachers are problematic. Some argue that they cannot both be helpful to pedagogy and yield results that are comparable across and between schools. Others claim that there is enough evidence to show that these targets can be achieved. The project described in this paper explored how teachers might enhance their competence in summative assessment in ways which might also have a positive effect on their teaching and learning. A strategy was developed based on five key features of summative assessment practices. The findings, from a longitudinal study with 18 teachers, are based on the teachers’ opinions, both about the quality of the results which they achieved, and about the positive impacts on the involvement of pupils, on collaboration between teachers, and on interaction with parents. The project involved teachers of English and mathematics in three schools, working with the authors, over two-and-a-half years.
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Summative assessment can enhance student learning if the embedded information is used formatively.
“summative assessment can enhance student learning if the embedded information is used formatively (Black et al., 2011;Gamlem et al., 2024).”
From Same assignment—two different feedback contexts: lower secondary students’ experiences with feedback during a three draft writing process (2025) · cites this paper as Black et al., 2011
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The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449 · see citing works
Dynamic assessment in the language classroom
Poehner, M. E., & Lantolf, J. P. (2005) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1191/1362168805lr166oa · Cited by 428 · see citing works
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Chiu, T. K. F. (2024) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2253861 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
“In the focus groups, the major types of summative assessments discussed were examinations and projects (Black et al., 2011).”
Moltudal, S. H., Gamlem, S. M., Segaran, M., & Engeness, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1509904 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Diversity of assessment practices and student perceptions of assessment in Finland
Nieminen, J. H., Atjonen, P., & Tolvanen, A. (2025) · The Curriculum Journal · doi:10.1002/curj.288 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Black, P., Harrison, C., Hodgen, J., Marshall, B., & Serret, N.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Black, Paul
- Venue
- Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-469
- ISSN
- 0969-594X (ISSN-L)
- 1465-329X
- OpenAlex
- W2137655683
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 32.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Assessment in Education Principles Policy and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nuffield Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Educational Assessment and Improvement
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- summative assessment, teacher assessment competence, classroom assessment, assessment for learning, teacher professional development, student engagement, teacher collaboration, parent-school interaction
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