Adapting Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a Framework for Resident Wellness
Abstract
ISSUE: Burnout in graduate medical education is pervasive and has a deleterious impact on career satisfaction, personal well-being, and patient outcomes. Interventions in residency programs have often addressed isolated contributors to burnout; however, a more comprehensive framework for conceptualizing wellness is needed. EVIDENCE: In this article the authors propose Maslow's hierarchy of human needs (physiologic, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization) as a potential framework for addressing wellness initiatives. There are numerous contributors to burnout among physician-trainees, and programs to combat burnout must be equally multifaceted. A holistic approach, considering both the trainees personal and professional needs, is recommended. Maslow's Needs can be adapted to create such a framework in graduate medical education. The authors review current evidence to support this model. IMPLICATIONS: This work surveys current interventions to mitigate burnout and organizes them into a scaffold that can be used by residency programs interested in a complete framework to supporting wellness.
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References 94 · Cited by 174
- Authors
- Hale, A. J., Ricotta, D. N., Freed, J., Smith, C. C., & Huang, G. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hale, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Teaching and Learning in Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-04-30
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-118
- ISSN
- 1040-1334 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-8015
- OpenAlex
- W2801806916
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 16.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Teaching and Learning in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Keywords
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs, resident well-being, physician burnout, graduate medical education, residency training, burnout prevention interventions, holistic well-being, self-realization, esteem, love and belonging, safety, physiological needs
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Education, Medical, Graduate, Humans, Internship and Residency, Motivation, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Theory, Students, Medical
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