Regulation of glucose metabolism by bioactive phytochemicals for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent disease and becoming a serious public health threat worldwide. It is a severe endocrine metabolic disorder that has the ability to induce serious complications in all kinds of organs. Although mechanisms of anti-diabetics have been described before, we focus here on the cellular and physiological mechanisms involved in the modulation of insulin and glucose blood levels. As obesity and inflammation are intimately associated with the development of T2DM, their possible relationships are also described. The effects of gut microbiota on insulin resistance have been recently investigated in clinical trials, and we discuss the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota may improve glucose handling, especially via the metabolism of ingested phytochemicals. Among the historically supported effects of phytochemicals, their therapeutic potential for T2DM leads to consider these natural products as an important pool for the identification of novel anti-diabetic drug leads. This current research extends the descriptions of anti-diabetic effects of plants that are used in traditional medicines or as nutraceuticals. The objective of the present review is to make a systematic report on glucose metabolism in T2DM as well as to explore the relationships between natural phytochemicals and glucose handling.
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Carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I selectively modulates gut microbiota and enhances short-chain fatty acid production, notably acetate and propionate.
“This soluble fiber from carrot pomace, rich in complex pectin domains (RG-I), selectively modulates gut microbiota and enhances SCFA production, notably acetate and propionate [72,73,133]”
From Nutritional Approaches to Enhance GLP-1 Analogue Therapy in Obesity: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [133]
Carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I leads to lower gas production compared to other commonly used prebiotics like inulin, suggesting superior tolerability.
“Despite marked SCFA production, cRG-I leads to lower gas production compared to other commonly used prebiotics like inulin, suggesting superior tolerability [73,133]”
From Nutritional Approaches to Enhance GLP-1 Analogue Therapy in Obesity: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [133]
Ethanol extracts of many algae can change the gut microbiota.
“Moreover, ethanol extracts of many algae can change the gut microbiota [6,14].”
From Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
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References 211 · Cited by 199
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- Authors
- Zhao, C., Yang, C., Wai, S. T. C., Zhang, Y., P. Portillo, M., Paoli, P., Wu, Y., San Cheang, W., Liu, B., Carpéné, C., Xiao, J., & Cao, H.
- Affiliations
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (CN)
- Minjiang University (CN)
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong;
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain;
- University of Florence (IT)
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China;
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Corresponding author
- Carpéné, Christian
- Xiao, Jianbo
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-12-03
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 830-847
- ISSN
- 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7852
- OpenAlex
- W2902446450
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 211
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (KXb16011A, 612014043)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, phytochemicals, insulin resistance, gut microbiota, obesity, inflammation, antidiabetic mechanism, nutraceuticals, traditional medicine
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Prevalence, MicroRNAs, Phytochemicals
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