The Effects of Hypnosis on Flow States and Golf-Putting Performance
Abstract
This study examined the effects of hypnosis on flow states and golf-putting performance in 5 competitive players. The investigation utilized an ideographic singlesubject multiple baseline across subjects design combined with a procedure that monitors the internal experience of the participants (Wollman, 1986). The method of intervention utilized in this study involved hypnotic induction, hypnotic regression, and trigger control procedures. The results indicated that all 5 participants increased both their mean golf putting performance and their mean flow scores from baseline to intervention. There were no overlapping data points between the baseline and intervention for either performance or flow state. Additionally, each participant indicated that they had felt the intervention was useful in keeping them relaxed, confident, and focused. Three of the golfers also reported experiencing reduced concerns about performing and more control over their putting stroke.
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SmartACT likely operates through complementary pathways-top-down regulation (ACT), sensorimotor simulation (imagery), and autonomic/attentional tuning (hypnosis)-to yield concurrent gains in motor efficiency and reductions in psychosomatic distress.
“Within this framework, SmartACT likely operates through complementary pathways—top-down regulation (ACT), sensorimotor simulation (imagery), and autonomic/attentional tuning (hypnosis)—to yield concurrent gains in motor efficiency and reductions in psychosomatic distress [44,49,50,51,58,59,60,61,62,74,75,76].”
From Effects of the SmartACT Intervention on Motor and Psychological Variables in Adolescent Athletes: A Controlled Trial Using BlazePod and Microgate. (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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Enhancing sports performance with hypnosis: An ode for Tiger Woods.
Milling, L. S., & Randazzo, E. S. (2016) · Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000055 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pates, J., Oliver, R., & Maynard, I.
- Affiliations
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 341-354
- ISSN
- 1041-3200 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-1571
- OpenAlex
- W2153562440
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Keywords
- hypnosis, flow experience, golf putting, putting performance, hypnotic regression, trigger control, hypnotic induction, performance anxiety, relaxation, focus
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