The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Religious Involvement, Gratitude, and Change in Depressive Symptoms Over Time
Open accessAbstract
Three hypotheses are evaluated in this study. The first predicts that feelings of gratitude will offset (i.e., moderate) the deleterious effects of chronic financial strain on depressive symptoms over time. The second hypothesis specifies that people who go to church more often will be more likely to feel grateful. The third hypothesis predicts that individuals with a strong sense of God-mediated control will also feel more grateful. Data from a nationwide longitudinal study of older adults in the United States (N = 818) provide support for all three hypotheses. The data suggest that the effects of ongoing economic difficulty on depressive symptoms are especially pronounced for older people who are less grateful. But in contrast, persistent financial difficulties fail to exert a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms over time for older individuals who are especially grateful. The results further reveal that more frequent church attendance and stronger God-mediated control beliefs are associated with positive changes in gratitude over time.
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“Of the 178 studies with the highest methodological rigor, 119 (67%) reported inverse relationships [124–135] and 13 (7%) found positive relationships with depression [136–148].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [130]
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“Among the 10 highest quality studies, seven (70%) reported greater forgiveness among the more R/S [116–119], a finding that recent research has supported [120].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [118]
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Citations
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“While depression was positively skewed (toward lower values), we retained this variable in its initial form in keeping with prior research conducted with the Religion, Aging, and Health Survey (e.g. Krause, 2009).”
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“In addition, older-aged parents and children are reported to have greater gratitude and fewer depressive symptoms [6,7,37,56].”
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“Krause [83] observed that there is a general belief that God helps people to overcome adversities by “using” the kindness and commitment of others.”
BackgroundInfluentialAn Integrative Perspective on Understanding Human Functioning: Positive Clinical Psychology
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“For example, Krause (2009) found that for adults over 65 years of age the association between chronic financial strain and the increase of depressive symptoms over time was conditional on the level of one’s feelings of gratitude.”
BackgroundReligiosity and Depression: A Ten-Year Follow-up of Offspring at High and Low Risk for Depression
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“…& Overholser, 2005; Horowitz & Garber, 2003; Wink, Dillon, & Larson, 2005; Murphy & Fitchett, 2009; Dew, Goldston, McCall, Kuchibhatla, Schleifer, Triplett, & Koenig, 2010; Payman & Ryburn, 2010; Perez, Little, & Henrich, 2009; Cruz, Schulz, Pincus, Houck, Bensasi, & Reynolds, 2009; Krause, 2009).”
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“linked to happiness (Krause, 2009).”
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“Similarly, Reactivity, Coping, & Adjustment 12 Krause (2009) found that financial difficulties were associated with more depressive symptoms among older adults expressing less gratitude, but not among older adults who expressed more gratitude, and that religiousness may be associated with more…”
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“The tradition of gratitude in theology shows believers exchanging benevolent acts, prayers, and religious rituals in thanksgiving for a higher power(s) (Krause, 2009; Wilson, 2015).”
BackgroundReligious and Spiritual Identities
KRAUSE, N. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197587652.003.0003 · Cited by 2
Self-citationUpenieks, L., & KRAUSE, N. M. (2023) · Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging · doi:10.1080/15528030.2023.2206676 · Cited by 1
“Chief among the virtues that are related to religion/spirituality are forgiveness (Davis et al., 2013), feeling grateful to God (Krause, 2012) and helping those who are in need (Krause, 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKoenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0027 · Cited by 1
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“The commentators also mention “problems” with the exclusion of specific studies (Good et al., 2009; Krause, 2009; Miller et al., 2012).”
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“Krause (2009) found that individuals who attend church frequently often have stronger God-mediated control beliefs and those with greater God-mediated control beliefs commonly feel more grateful.”
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“Krause [127] also found a similar finding in examining levels of gratitude, depression and financial strain among 818 older adults.”
ResultRusk, R. D., Vella‐Brodrick, D., & Waters, L. E. (2015)
A model for the evaluation of spirituality and resilience in major depressive disorder
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Self-citationThe Religion, Aging, and Health Survey and the Landmark Spirituality and Health Survey
KRAUSE, N. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197587652.005.0001
Self-citationKRAUSE, N. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197587652.002.0003
Self-citationPössel, P., & Jeppsen, B. D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38971-9_2042-1
Ullmann, N. (2025) · Wege zum Menschen · doi:10.13109/weme.2025.77.4.311
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“These communities provide a profound sense of belonging and interconnectedness, enhancing individuals’ overall sense of purpose and meaning (Krause, 2015).”
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“Religion provides an appropriate setting for some vague needs to be satisfied; such as the afterlife, time, socia-lisation, love, punishment, faith, and individual’s position in the universe (Krause, 2009).”
Halstead, I. N., Major‐Smith, D., Heron, J., Golding, J., Iles-Caven, Y., Svob, C., & Joinson, C. J. (2026) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2026.2684682
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Metadata
- Authors
- Krause, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krause, Neal
- ORCID
- Krause, Neal
- Venue
- International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-06-23
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 155-172
- ISSN
- 1050-8619 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7582
- PMC
- PMC2843928
- OpenAlex
- W2011458583
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG009221, R01AG014749)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- gratitude, depressive symptoms, financial stress, church attendance, religious involvement, older adults, moderation, longitudinal change
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