Post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, and neuropsychological performance in Latina victims of childhood sexual abuse
Abstract
This study compared the memory, attention/concentration, and executive functioning of 12 women with histories of child sexual abuse with a control group of 12 women without childhood abuse. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery and various instruments assessing post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation. The child sexual abuse group had lower performance than the control group on long- and short-term visual and verbal memory and presented more limited performance on executive functioning tasks. Functioning in these areas showed a negative correlation with post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative symptoms. These findings suggest that child sexual abuse is associated with memory and executive functioning deficits and supports the idea that people with trauma histories and increased post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation symptoms may have alterations in neuropsychological functioning.
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In adults with PTSD stemming from childhood sexual abuse, impaired performance on indices of verbal and visual memory was strongly correlated with higher levels of dissociation.
“In one recent study of adults with PTSD stemming from childhood sexual abuse, impaired performance on indices of verbal and visual memory was strongly correlated with higher levels of dissociation (Rivera-Vélez et al., 2014).”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Rivera-Vélez et al., 2014
Disruptions in cognitive function as a result of dissociative symptoms arising from early traumatic experiences may continue to have detrimental impacts on the lives of impacted individuals through key developmental periods well into adulthood.
“disruptions in cognitive function as a result of dissociative symptoms arising from early traumatic experiences may continue to have detrimental impacts on the lives of impacted individuals through key developmental periods well into adulthood, as demonstrated by Rivera-Vélez et al.'s ( 2014) study .”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Rivera-Vélez et al., 2014
Cites
Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale
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“Dissociative experiences were assessed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAge of onset of child maltreatment predicts long-term mental health outcomes
Kaplow, J. B., & Widom, C. S. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.176 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Scott, K. M., Smith, D. R., & Ellis, P. M. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.71 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Deficits in short-term memory in adult survivors of childhood abuse
Douglas Bremner, J., Randall, P., Scott, T. M., Capelli, S., Delaney, R., McCarthy, G., & Charney, D. S. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02800-5 · Cited by 324 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One study found that patients with combat-related PTSD had an 8% reduction in right hippocampal volume as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was correlated with deficits in memory function (Bremner et al., 1995).”
BackgroundAssociation of childhood trauma with cognitive function in healthy adults: a pilot study
Majer, M., Nater, U. M., Lin, J.-M. S., Capuron, L., & Reeves, W. C. (2010) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-10-61 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Memory and attention in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Uddo, M., Vasterling, J. J., Brailey, K., & Sutker, P. B. (1993) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00964322 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Abnormal T2 relaxation time in the cerebellar vermis of adults sexually abused in childhood:
Anderson, C. M., Teicher, M. H., Polcari, A., & Renshaw, P. F. (2002) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00047-6 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Dissociation in Undergraduate Students: Disruptions in Executive Functioning
Giesbrecht, T., Merckelbach, H., Geraerts, E., & Smeets, E. (2004) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000135572.45899.f2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
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McKinnon, M. C., Boyd, J. E., Frewen, P. A., Lanius, U. F., Jetly, R., Richardson, J. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“…27 PTSD IM, VM Positive Higher dissociative symptoms were related to reduced explicit recall of threat-related (but not trauma-related) word stimuli Rivera-Vélez et al., 2014 12 PTSD, 12 HC VM, WM, EF, Att Positive Dissociative symptoms negatively correlated with VM and VSM measures Roca et…”
Influential
- Authors
- Rivera-Vélez, G. M., González-Viruet, M., Martínez-Taboas, A., & Pérez-Mojica, D.
- Affiliations
- Carlos Albizu University (PR)
- Corresponding author
- Rivera-Vélez, Giselle M.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-73
- ISSN
- 1053-8712 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-0679
- OpenAlex
- W2002644051
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, child sexual abuse, Hispanic women, neuropsychological performance, memory impairment, executive function, attention and concentration, trauma history
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Cognition Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult, Executive Function
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