Surveillance of Diversion and Nonmedical Use of Extended-Release Prescription Amphetamine and Oral Methylphenidate in the United States
Open accessAbstract
This article examines rates of nonmedical use and diversion of extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate in the United States. Prescription dispensing data were sourced from retail pharmacies. Nonmedical use data were collected from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) System Drug Diversion Program and Poison Center Program. Drug diversion trends nearly overlapped for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate. Calls to poison centers were generally similar; however, calls regarding extended-release amphetamine trended slightly lower than those for extended-release oral methylphenidate. Data suggest similar diversion and poison center call rates for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate.
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Surveys using the RADARS system in the United States noted the abuse potential of LDX to be very low, with no increases demonstrated between 2007 and 2011.
“Surveys using the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) system in the United States noted the abuse potential of LDX to be very low, with no increases demonstrated between 2007 and 2011.52”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
The Discussion reports low rates of misuse, abuse, and diversion for extended-release stimulants overall, and the Methods list Vyvanse among the amphetamine products studied. The paper does not report a separate trend for LDX. Its Results report significant increases from 2007 to 2011 in extended-release amphetamine poison-center intentional-exposure rates, so the claim that no increases were demonstrated is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn postmarketing surveillance from 9525 adverse events associated with LDX reported to FDA between January 2004 and March 2017, 11 cases (0.12%) of cardiomyopathy were reported; most were men, aged 10 to 19 years, taking the drug for 6 to 12 months.
“In a postmarketing surveillance from a total of 9525 adverse events associated with LDX reported to the FDA between January 2004 and March 2017, 11 cases (0.12%) of cardiomyopathy were reported; most were men, aged 10 to 19 years of age, taking the drug for 6 to 12 months.50”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
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Research works printed but not linked: 20
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Cited by
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Faraone, S. V., Rostain, A. L., Montano, C. B., Mason, O., Antshel, K. M., & Newcorn, J. H. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.06.012 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Maneeton, B., Maneeton, N., Intaprasert, S., & Wootiluk, P. (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s62714 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Najib, J., Wimer, D., Zeng, J., Lam, K. W., Romanyak, N., Paige Morgan, E., & Thadavila, A. (2017) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573517728090 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sembower, M. A., Ertischek, M. D., Buchholtz, C., Dasgupta, N., & Schnoll, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Pinney Associates (United States) (US)
- Denver Health Medical Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sembower, Mark A.
- Venue
- Journal of Addictive Diseases
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-38
- ISSN
- 1055-0887 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-0848
- PMC
- PMC3630455
- OpenAlex
- W2005224895
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Addictive Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- drug diversion, nonmedical use, extended-release methylphenidate, stimulant medication, poison center calls, medication dispensing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug and Narcotic Control, Humans, Methylphenidate, Pharmacies, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Poison Control Centers, Drug Prescriptions, United States, Databases, Factual, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Prescription Drug Misuse
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