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Altering Focus Of Attention Effects Isometric Muscular Endurance And Heart Rate During Fitness Testing

Markwell, Logan T., Nolan, Russel, Brown, Blake, Makaruk, Hubert, Porter, Jared M.·2022·Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
DOI 10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229
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Abstract

Subtle instructional changes that direct attentional focus can lead to changes in performance, potentially hindering a fitness assessment. An external attentional focus has been found to improve motor performance, however less is known about instructional effects on performance and the physiological response during an isometric endurance test. To better understand how attentional focus effects endurance fitness tests, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 showed that an external focus instruction (68.41 sec, SD = 34.20) led to significantly higher endurance performance compared to an internal instruction (60.22 sec, SD = 34.54). Experiment 2 revealed that heart rate during the internal condition (M = 117.51 bpm, SD = 14.19) was higher compared to the external (M = 114.17 bmp, SD = 13.19) and control (M = 115.40 bpm, SD = 16.85). Additionally, performance was greater during external instructions (M = 107.01 sec, SD = 46.35) compared to internal (M = 95.25 sec, SD = 38.19).

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Metadata

Authors
Markwell, L. T., Nolan, R., Brown, B., Makaruk, H., & Porter, J. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
  • Department of Kinesiology, Southern Illinois University, United States
  • Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
  • Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw (PL)
Corresponding author
Markwell, Logan T.
ORCID
Venue
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2021-12-09
Volume
26
Issue
3
Pages
221-231
ISSN
  • 1091-367X (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7841
DOI
10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229
OpenAlex
W4200429154
Cited by
4
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
attentional focus, heart rate, physical fitness assessment, endurance performance, motor performance, physiological responses

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