The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Political Representation of Visible Minorities in Electoral Democracies: A Comparison of France, Denmark, and Canada
Abstract
This article examines political representation among visible ethnic minorities in France, Denmark and Canada. Drawing from these cases, it proposes a general model for comparing patterns of visible minority representation. Three sets of factors—citizenship regimes, institutional features and interest constellations—interact to shape the political opportunity structure for ethnic minority representation. Because these factors vary across and within countries, the result is very different levels of representation from one country to another, as well as important local differences within each country. Configurations across these three factors also have an important impact on the electoral strategies of individual ethnic candidates, and determine the style and substance of ethnic representation in each country.
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In ihren Aufsätzen von 2003 und 2005 skizziert Bird das bis dato wohl detaillierteste Erklärungsmodell im Forschungsfeld.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Bird 2005
In the citing paper
“Sie unterscheidet dabei (1) eine Makro-Ebene, die Einbürgerungsrecht, Wahlsystem sowie die dominierende Haltung gegenüber der Minderheit beinhaltet, (2) eine Meso-Ebene mit Typen und Organisation politischer Parteien, und (3) eine Mikro-Ebene, die die ethnische Dichte in einem Gebiet, lokale Rivalitäten zwischen sozialen Gruppen sowie die Bindung der Kandidaten an ihre Ethnie beachtet.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Bird 2005
In the citing paper
“Da beide Autorinnen in Hinsicht auf die strukturelle Wirkung von Wahlsystemen in gleicher Linie argumentieren wie Togeby, scheint dieses Vorgehen vertretbar.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Bird 2005:430ff
In the citing paper
“Frankreich fällt ebenfalls in die liberale Kategorie, 268 während die Regime Norwegens, Deutschlands, Dänemarks und Österreichs als restriktiv eingestuft werden.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Bird 2005:433
Citations
Cites
Political opportunity structures and political protest: anti-nuclear movements in four democracies
Kitschelt, H. P. (1986) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s000712340000380x · Cited by 2,563
Cited by
Taxation Without Representation
(2010) · Hong Kong University Press eBooks · doi:10.5790/hongkong/9789622090996.001.0001 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Bird, K.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bird, Karen
- ORCID
- Bird, Karen
- Venue
- Nationalism and Ethnic Politics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 425-465
- ISSN
- 1353-7113 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-2986
- OpenAlex
- W1984866346
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nationalism and Ethnic Politics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
- Keywords
- political representation, visible minorities, ethnic minorities, electoral democracy, citizenship regimes, political opportunity structure, electoral strategy, France, Denmark, Canada, comparative politics
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Political Representation of Visible Minorities in Electoral Democracies: A Comparison of France, Denmark, and Canada. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/13537110500379211
- The paper
- Bird, K. (2005). The Political Representation of Visible Minorities in Electoral Democracies: A Comparison of France, Denmark, and Canada. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537110500379211
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
