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Cited by 15Critical Race Theory in EducationAfro-Latin American StudiesMigration, Education, Indigenous Social Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Schooling, Blackness and national identity in Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Johnson, Ethan·2007·Race Ethnicity and Education
DOI 10.1080/13613320601100377
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Abstract

In Esmeraldas, Ecuador, students of African descent make sense of racial identity and discrimination in multiple and contradictory ways as they negotiate the dominant discourse of national identity. In Ecuador two simultaneous processes shape the dominant discourse of national identity: racial mixture and the movement towards Whiteness. This study is based primarily on formal interviews and classroom and school site observations. In this article I focus on the relationship between educational practices at the national and local level and the perceptions and negotiations of students of African descent concerning racial identity and discrimination. I show that the racial and spatial topography of the nation of Ecuador is transposed onto the cultural landscape of the city of Esmeraldas. I show that the formal curriculum attempts to erase the significance of Black people and Blackness from the economic and social development of the nation, while racial discrimination is pervasive inside and outside of the classroom at the research site. Finally, I show that students of African descent often attempt to move towards Whiteness as they negotiate the dominant discourse of national identity. I conclude with a summary of my findings and suggest what the implications are for schooling in Esmeraldas, Ecuador and more broadly.

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Crossref · 10.1080/13613320601100377

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29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Show all 25 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. Estrada A. M., 2000, Breve Historia Del Ecuador E Historia De Límities: Sexto Curso [A brief history of Ecuador and history of its borders: sixth course]
  2. Estrada A. M., 2001, Estudios Sociales: Cuarto Curso [Social studies: fourth course]
  3. Estrada A. M., 2001, Estudios Sociales: Quinto Curso[Social studies: fifth course]
  4. Garcia S. J., 1989, Cimarronaje En El Pacífico Sur: Historia y Tradición. El Caso de Esmeraldas, Ecuador[Cimarronism in the South Pacific: history and tradition. The case of Esmeraldas]
  5. Handelsman M., 2001, Lo Afro y la plurinacionalidad: el caso ecuatoriano visto desde su literature[The Afro and national pluralism: the Ecuadorian case seen from their literature]
  6. Johnson E., 2005, The unfulfilled promise of equality: Blackness, identity and schooling in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
  7. Quiroga D., 1998, Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean, 75
  8. Rahier J., 1998, Memorias Del Primer Congreso Ecuatoriano De Antropología[Memories of the first Ecuadorian Congress of Anthropology]
  9. Rahier J. M., 1999, Revista de FLACSO‐Ecuador, 7, 96
  10. Rahier J. M., 1999, Ecuador racista: imágenes e identidades [Racist Ecuador: images and identity], 73
  11. Rueda Novoa R., 2001, Zambaje y Autonomía: Historia de la gente negra de la Provincia de Esmeraldas [Zambaje and autonomy: history of black people in the province of Esmeraldas]

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Metadata

Authors
Johnson, E.
Affiliations
Portland State University (US)
Corresponding author
Johnson, Ethan
Venue
Race Ethnicity and Education
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2007-02-04
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
47-70
ISSN
  • 1361-3324 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-109X
DOI
10.1080/13613320601100377
OpenAlex
W2069341984
Semantic Scholar
f759bf231a33ac59dd11e8f0d78590dd3ab09775
Cited by
15
References
25
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Race Ethnicity and Education (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Afro-Latin American Studies
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Migration, Education, Indigenous Social Dynamics
Keywords
Black students, racial identity, national identity, whiteness, racial discrimination, racial mixing, Afro-Ecuadorians, course program, school education, Esmeraldas, cultural landscape, racial geography

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Schooling, Blackness and national identity in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/13613320601100377
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Johnson, E. (2007). Schooling, Blackness and national identity in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Race Ethnicity and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320601100377