The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
East–west inequalities and the ambiguous racialisation of ‘Eastern Europeans’
Open accessAbstract
A growing scholarly literature describes people who moved from Europe’s East to its West as racialised. Others speak of ‘migratization’ or ‘xenophobia’. Many of these contributions have in common that they conceive of discrimination as occurring after migration. What is more, they focus on the attitudinal dimension of ‘prejudice’, as expressed in the media or the narratives of East–West movers themselves. What thereby slips from view is that racism has geopolitical-economic and legal dimensions, and structures life opportunities. This article explores how categories such as ‘Eastern European’ are invoked, deployed and how they are put to work – via policy or the law. The analysis shows that neoliberal policies have attributed a distinctive positionality to ‘Eastern Europeans’ in West European racial hierarchies. I argue that people from Europe’s East are distinctively, yet ambiguously racialised, and discuss facets of this ambiguity. Most notably, they are inferiorised within Europe, but often positioned within global racialised categories of ‘Europeanness’. This racialisation is not a product of twenty-first century mobilities but reflects and reproduces the peripheralisation of Europe’s East. Of course, racialisation shapes everyday lives after migration; yet, it also channels the life opportunities of those born in the East over the course of generations.
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“Following this logic, Ukrainians, as white Europeans (cf.Lewicki 2023 on Eastern Europeans' contested whiteness status), align with the white Canadian mainstream to secure a sense of belonging rather than allying with other displaced or refugee groups to challenge existing migration and class structures.”
From Wages of whiteness contra refugee in the twenty-first century: Afghan and Ukrainian women’s self-identification as (non)refugees in Canada (2026) · cites this paper as Lewicki 2023
In the citing paper
“micro-level research has prioritised gender, class, ethnicity and sexuality in refugees' self-identification, leaving race comparatively underexamined (for exceptions see Lewicki 2023Lewicki , 2024;;Mayblin 2019).”
From Wages of whiteness contra refugee in the twenty-first century: Afghan and Ukrainian women’s self-identification as (non)refugees in Canada (2026) · cites this paper as Lewicki 2023
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lewicki, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lewicki, Aleksandra
- Venue
- Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-01-11
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1481-1499
- ISSN
- 1369-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9451
- OpenAlex
- W4319841116
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 24
- FWCI
- 58.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Research Council of Norway (303219)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Demography › Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Romani and Gypsy Studies
- Keywords
- racialization, neoliberalism, racial hierarchy, Europeanness, peripheralization, xenophobia, migrant policy, racism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.


