Fruit Vinegars Attenuate Cardiac Injury via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Adiposity Actions in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
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CONTEXT: Fruit vinegars (FVs) are used in Mediterranean folk medicine for their hypolipidemic and weight-reducing properties. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effects of three types of FV, commonly available in Algeria, namely prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill (Cectaceae)], pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)], against obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into 12 groups. The first group served as normal control (distilled water, 7 mL/kg bw), and the remaining groups were respectively treated with distilled water (7 mL/kg bw), acetic acid (0.5% w/v, 7 mL/kg bw) and vinegars of pomegranate, apple or prickly pear (at doses of 3.5, 7 and 14 mL/kg bw, acetic acid content as mentioned above) along with a high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of the oral administration of FV for 18 weeks on the body and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weights, plasma inflammatory and cardiac enzymes biomarkers, and in heart tissue were evaluated. RESULTS: Vinegars treatments significantly (p < .05) attenuated the HFD-induced increase in bw (0.2-0.5-fold) and VAT mass (0.7-1.8-fold), as well as increase in plasma levels of CRP (0.1-0.3-fold), fibrinogen (0.2-0.3-fold), leptin (1.7-3.7-fold), TNF-α (0.1-0.6-fold), AST (0.9-1.4-fold), CK-MB (0.3-1.4-fold) and LDH (2.7-6.7-fold). Moreover, vinegar treatments preserved myocardial architecture and attenuated cardiac fibrosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that pomegranate, apple and prickly pear vinegars may prevent HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related cardiac complications, and that this prevention may result from the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity properties of these vinegars.
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Bioactive ingredients of vinegar play an important role in the prevention and treatment of different human ailments.
“Bioactive ingredients of vinegar play also an important role in the prevention and treatment of different human ailments [3,9,22,42].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion (page not provided) says vinegar may help prevent or treat obesity and related metabolic diseases, and the Introduction identifies acetic acid as an ingredient affecting lipid profiles and weight loss. The paper's own findings concern fruit vinegars in obese rats; it does not establish that vinegar's bioactive ingredients prevent or treat a broad range of human ailments. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdministration of fruits vinegar prevents diabetes.
“The beneficial antihyperglycemic effects of FsV are partitioned as follows:”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion says apple cider vinegar can reverse insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, and the Results (30-Day subchronic toxicity study) report reduced glycemia at one prickly pear vinegar dose. Neither passage establishes that administering fruit vinegar prevents diabetes; the study's stated conclusion concerns obesity and cardiac complications in high-fat-fed rats. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVinegar is completely safe and healthy.
“It is named as natural means; it is completely safe and healthy [3,22].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results (Acute oral toxicity study; 30-Day subchronic toxicity study) report no signs of toxicity or deaths in rats at the tested doses and durations. The Results and Discussion also report potential benefits in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. These findings do not establish that vinegar is completely safe and healthy for everyone or under all conditions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFruits vinegar consumption positively counteracts numerous diseases.
“Literature data reported that fruits vinegar consumption is positively counteracting against numerous diseases [3,32,39,42,62,67,84,85,86].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
FsV contains functional substances that exert their effects in synergy.
“Interestingly, it contains a wide range of functional substances that exert their effects in synergy [3,20,21].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
The Introduction identifies acetic acid as vinegar’s main ingredient, and the Results report effects of fruit-vinegar treatment in rats. Neither passage establishes that fruit vinegar contains a wide range of functional substances or that those substances act synergistically; searches for synergy and bioactive constituents found no such statement in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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References 85 · Cited by 50
- Authors
- Bounihi, A., Bitam, A., Bouazza, A., Yargui, L., & Koceir, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (DZ)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
- Corresponding author
- Bounihi, Abdenour
- Venue
- Pharmaceutical Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-09-05
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-52
- ISSN
- 0925-1618 (ISSN-L)
- 1388-0209
- 1744-5116
- PMC
- PMC7011948
- OpenAlex
- W2511800558
- Semantic Scholar
- 514d21d7dbad4039898697d8e2de02dedd14feca
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceutical Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- The study was supported, in part, by the Algerian Agency for the Research & Development in Health (PNR nos. 208/ANDRS/2011 and 41/ANDRS/2011)
- from the National Administration of Algerian Higher Education and Scientific Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- fruit vinegar, apple cider vinegar, high-fat diet-induced obesity, anti-inflammatory activity, myocardial fibrosis, visceral adipose tissue, leptin, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, cardiac enzymes, myocardial structure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Body Weight, Disease Models, Animal, Fibrosis, Fruit, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Male, Phytotherapy, Cardiomyopathies, Myocardium, Plant Extracts, Plants, Medicinal, Biomarkers, Rats, Wistar, Inflammation Mediators, Acetic Acid, Anti-Obesity Agents, Malus, Lythraceae, Opuntia, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Creatine Kinase, MB Form, Obesity, Abdominal, Diet, High-Fat
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