Fly ash based geopolymer stabilisation of silty clay/blast furnace slag for subgrade applications
Abstract
The mechanical and microstructural properties of problematic silty clay (SC) stabilised with fly ash (FA) based geopolymer and blast furnace slag (BFS) replacement are presented in this research. The influence factors evaluated included FA:BFS replacement ratio, NaOH concentration, and curing temperature. A series of geotechnical laboratory tests and microstructural analyses were also undertaken. The strength of the stabilised material was found to be governed by interparticle forces, mainly from the contribution of the chemical bonding strength. The results indicated that the unconfined compression strength (UCS) values of FA based geopolymers stabilised with SC/BFS blends increased with increasing NaOH concentration, at the various FA:BFS replacement ratios when cured at various temperatures (25, 50 and 80°C). The high concentration of NaOH could dissolve FA particles to leach silica and alumina which reacted with NaOH to produce a geopolymerization (N-A-S-H gel) process, which resulted in high UCS results. The decrease in FA:BFS ratio however reduced the specific area of particles to be welded by FA geopolymerization products and reduces the geopolymer gel due to the reduction in quantity of FA precursor. As such, the interparticle forces increased as the FA:BFS reduced up to the optimum value and then decreased as the FA:BFS reduced. The optimal FA:BFS ratio was found to be 20:10. An elevated curing temperature accelerated the geopolymerization reaction, leading to the hi…
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In order to produce geopolymer, the sources of alumina and silica (fly ash and GGBFS) act as precursors that are easily dissolved in alkaline solutions resulted from alkaline activation, making geopolymerization possible.
“In order to produce geopolymer, the sources of alumina and silica (fly ash and GGBFS) act as precursors that are easily dissolved in alkaline solutions resulted from alkaline activation, making geopolymerization possible [47,49,57,58,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68].”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
The Si and Al minerals found in industrial by-products such as fly ash from coal combustion and GGBFS from iron combustion are employed in geopolymer processes for soil stabilization.
“The Si and Al minerals found in industrial by-products such as fly ash from coal combustion and GGBFS from iron combustion are employed in geopolymer processes for soil stabilization [57,58,59,60].”
From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
Cited by
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Abdila, S. R., Abdullah, M. M. A. B., Ahmad, R., Burduhos Nergis, D. D., Rahim, S. Z. A., Omar, M. F., Sandu, A. V., Vizureanu, P., & Syafwandi (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15010375 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sukprasert, S., Hoy, M., Horpibulsuk, S., Arulrajah, A., Rashid, A. S. A., & Nazir, R.
- Affiliations
- Suranaree University of Technology (TH)
- University of Technology Malaysia (MY)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author
- Horpibulsuk, Suksun
- Venue
- Road Materials and Pavement Design
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-05-30
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 357-371
- ISSN
- 1468-0629 (ISSN-L)
- 2164-7402
- OpenAlex
- W2947858849
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Road Materials and Pavement Design (publishedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Suranaree University of Technology (-)
- Thailand Research Fund (RTA5980005)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical and construction materials studies
- Keywords
- fly ash geopolymer, blast furnace slag, silty clay, soil stabilization, subgrade, unconfined compressive strength, NaOH concentration, curing temperature, N-A-S-H gel, interparticle interactions, chemical bonding, microstructure, geopolymerization
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