Cited by 311SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchAnimal Virus Infections Studiesvaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

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MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals

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Du, Lanying, Yang, Yang, Zhou, Yusen, Lu, Lu, Li, Fang, Jiang, Shibo·2017·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

DOI 10.1080/14728222.2017.1271415PMC PMC5457961

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The continual Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) threat highlights the importance of developing effective antiviral therapeutics to prevent and treat MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. A surface spike (S) protein guides MERS-CoV entry into host cells by binding to cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), followed by fusion between virus and host cell membranes. MERS-CoV S protein represents a key target for developing therapeutics to block viral entry and inhibit membrane fusion. Areas covered: This review illustrates MERS-CoV S protein's structure and function, particularly S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S2 heptad repeat 1 (HR1) as therapeutic targets, and summarizes current advancement on developing anti-MERS-CoV therapeutics, focusing on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral peptides. Expert opinion: No anti-MERS-CoV therapeutic is approved for human use. Several S-targeting neutralizing mAbs and peptides have demonstrated efficacy against MERS-CoV infection, providing feasibility for development. Generally, human neutralizing mAbs targeting RBD are more potent than those targeting other regions of S protein. However, emergence of escape mutant viruses and mAb's limitations make it necessary for combining neutralizing mAbs recognizing different neutralizing epitopes and engineering them with improved efficacy and reduced cost. Optimization of the peptide sequences is expected to produce next-generation anti-MERS-CoV peptides with improved potency.

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Additional file 21 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569459
Additional file 25 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569471
Additional file 1 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569399
Additional file 6 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569414
Additional file 16 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569444
Additional file 19 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569453
Additional file 28 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569483
Additional file 12 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569432
Additional file 18 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569450
Additional file 11 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569429
Additional file 4 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569408
Additional file 10 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569426
Additional file 14 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569438
Additional file 24 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569468
Additional file 2 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569402
Additional file 8 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569420
Additional file 22 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569462
Additional file 29 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569486
Additional file 3 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569405
Additional file 5 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569411
Additional file 27 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569477
Additional file 15 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569441
Additional file 13 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569435
Additional file 26 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569474
Additional file 23 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569465
Additional file 20 of Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies
Fumagalli, S. E., Padhiar, N. H., Meyer, D., Katneni, U., Bar, H., DiCuccio, M. N., Komar, A. A., & Kimchi‐Sarfaty, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26569456

Authors: Du, L., Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., Lu, L., Li, F., & Jiang, S.
Affiliations: New York Blood Center (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (CN)
Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
Corresponding author: Du, Lanying
Jiang, Shibo
ORCID: Du, Lanying
Yang, Yang
Zhou, Yusen
Lu, Lu
Li, Fang
Jiang, Shibo
Venue: Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2016-12-21
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 131-143
ISSN: 1472-8222 (ISSN-L)
1744-7631
DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1271415
PMC: PMC5457961
OpenAlex: W2560886679
Cited by: 301
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 2.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (R01AI089728, R01AI098775, R01AI110700, R21AI109094)
New York Blood Center (NYB000348)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Keywords: MERS-CoV, spike protein, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, receptor binding domain, heptad repeat 1, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, antiviral peptides, viral entry inhibition, membrane fusion inhibition, antibody combination therapy, peptide optimization
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antiviral Agents, Humans, Peptides, Drug Design, Coronavirus Infections, Virus Internalization, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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