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Economic Viability of Phytoremediation of a Cadmium Contaminated Agricultural Area Using Energy Maize. Part II: Economics of Anaerobic Digestion of Metal Contaminated Maize in Belgium
Open accessAbstract
This paper deals with remediation of the Campine soil, an agricultural area diffusely contaminated with metals where most farmers raise dairy cattle and grow fodder maize. In a previous study, we calculated the effect of switching from fodder to energy maize on the farmer's income. Selling this energy maize as feedstock for anaerobic digestion to produce renewable energy could lead to a significant increase in his income. This paper explores the economic opportunities for the farmer of digesting the harvested contaminated biomass himself, by performing a Net Present Value (NPV) analysis on the digestion activity and by calculating the probability of a positive NPV of income resulting from the digestion installation. We investigate the trade off between the maximum price for energy maize that can be paid by the digestion activity and the minimum price that the farming activity needs to compensate for covering its production costs. Integrating the previous study in the current analysis results in an increase of total extra income for the farmer (i.e., from both growing energy maize and performing digestion).
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Few studies focused on post-remediation economics such as the economic viability of contaminated willow biomass pyrolysis, potential farmer's additional income due to selling energy maize fodder to a central anaerobic digestion facility while bearing the cost of fodder maize to feed onsite cattle, compared to the valorisation of a locally-owned plant.
“Few studies focused on the post-remediation economics such as the economic viability of contaminated willow biomass pyrolysis [45], potential farmer's additional income due to selling energy maize fodder to central anaerobic digestion facility while bearing the cost of fodder maize to feed onsite cattle [46], compared to the valorisation of a locally-owned plant [47].”
From Life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis of nature-based solutions for contaminated land remediation: A mini-review (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEnergy maize production for anaerobic digestion was assessed under two scenarios: the farmer sells energy fodder grown onsite and continues raising cattle fed clean fodder procured offsite; the second scenario adds the potential income of managing a local digester cooperative.
“Another example is energy maize production for anaerobic digestion under two scenarios; In the first scenario: the farmer will sell energy fodder grown onsite and continue raising cattle fed clean fodder procured offsite [46], and in the second scenario adds the potential income of managing a local digester cooperative, i.e. among a group of farmers [47].”
From Life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis of nature-based solutions for contaminated land remediation: A mini-review (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
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References 23 · Cited by 43
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Goossens S, 2007, Oost-Vlaanderen (Belgium): VLAO Directie, 1
- Ramage J, 1996, Renewable energy, power for a sustainable future, 137
- Thewys T, 2010, Int J Phytorem
- Van Slycken S, 2008, Comm Agr Appl Biol Sci., 73, 19
- Vassilev A, 2002, Bulg J Plant Physiol., 28, 68
- 2007, Mededeling van de Vlaamse Reguleringsinstantie voor de Elektriciteits- en Gasmarkt met betrekking tot het al dan niet gebruiken van een compenserende kWh-meter voor de compensatie van de in het distributienet geïnjecteerde elektriciteit
Metadata
- Authors
- Thewys, T., Witters, N., Meers, E., & Vangronsveld, J.
- Affiliations
- Hasselt University (BE)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- International Journal of Phytoremediation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-09-13
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 663-679
- ISSN
- 1522-6514 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7879
- OpenAlex
- W1984244453
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- biblio.ugent.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- International Journal of Phytoremediation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Keywords
- phytoremediation, cadmium contamination, energy maize, anaerobic digestion, farm income, net present value, fodder maize, renewable energy, economic feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Anaerobiosis, Animals, Animal Feed, Belgium, Biodegradation, Environmental, Cattle, Zea mays, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Metals, Metals, Heavy
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