Acute Inhalation Toxicology of Nitrogen Trichloride
Abstract
The LC50 of nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) was determined in rats following a one hour inhalation exposure. Five groups of 10 animals per group were exposed to a concentration range of NCl3 from 58 ppm to 157 ppm. The one hour LC50 is 112 ppm with the 95% confidence interval between 107 ppm and 117 ppm. All mortality occurred during or within one day following the exposure. Gross necropsy of the animals which died as a result of exposure to NCl3 showed noticeable fluid in the trachea and lungs. This was not the case for those animals which survived the exposure (gross necropsies performed 14 days post-exposure). Pulmonary edema appears to contribute significantly to mortality produced by NCl3.
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Rats that died after trichloramine exposure showed pulmonary edema, red mottling of the lungs, and clear fluid in the trachea or lungs.
“All animals that died exhibited red mottling of the lungs and clear fluid in the trachea or the lungs.”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Barbee et al. 1983
The LC50 for trichloramine in rats after a single 1-hour inhalation exposure was estimated to be 560 mg/m3 (95% CI 535-585 mg/m3).
“The lethal concentration for 50% of the exposed animals at single inhalation exposure (LC 50 ) was estimated to be 560 mg/m 3 , 95% confidence interval (CI) 535-585 mg/m 3 (Barbee et al. 1983).”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Barbee et al. 1983
In rats exposed to trichloramine for 1 hour, mortality was 8/10 at 785 mg/m3, 40-80% at 560-620 mg/m3, and all survived at 290 mg/m3.
“Of the animals exposed to 785 mg/m 3 , 8 out of 10 died during the exposure and the remaining 2 within 23 min after termination of exposure.In the groups exposed to 560-620 mg/m 3 , the mortality rate was 40-80%.All animals survived exposure at 290 mg/m 3 .”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Barbee et al. 1983
In rats, an LC50 value of 560 mg/m3 following 1 h of exposure to trichloramine was determined; the cause of death was lung edema.
“In rats, an LC 50 value of 560 mg/m 3 following 1 h of exposure was determined.The cause of death was lung edema (Barbee et al. 1983).”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Barbee et al. 1983
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Bernard, A., Carbonnelle, S., Michel, O., Higuet, S., de Burbure, C., Buchet, J.-P., Hermans, C., Dumont, X., & Doyle, I. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.6.385 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Exposure to chloramines in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools
HERY, M. (1995) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0003-4878(95)00013-5 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Carbonnelle, S., Francaux, M., Doyle, I., Dumont, X., Burbure, C. D., Morel, G., Michel, O., & Bernard, A. (2002) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/13547500210166612 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
(2012) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer125 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Occupational exposures of airborne trichloramine at indoor swimming pools in Taipei
Chu, T.-S., Cheng, S.-F., Wang, G.-S., & Tsai, S.-W. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.012 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wastensson, G., & Eriksson, K. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1744514 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- BARBEE, S. J., THACKARA, J. W., & RINEHART, W. E.
- Affiliations
- Olin Corporation (United States) (US)
- b Bio/dynamics, Inc., P.O. Box 43, Mettlers Rd., East Millstone, NJ 08873
- Venue
- American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1983-02
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-146
- ISSN
- 0002-8894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087646722
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2020: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Chemical Health and Safety › Chemical Safety and Risk Management
- Keywords
- nitrogen trichloride, acute inhalation toxicity, LC50, pulmonary edema, tracheal fluid, lung fluid, mortality, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Atmosphere Exposure Chambers, Chlorides, Female, Lethal Dose 50, Lung, Male, Nitrogen, Rats, Inbred Strains, Nitrogen Compounds, Rats
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