Overlap of Self, Ingroup, and Outgroup: Pictorial Measures of Self-Categorization
Abstract
Everyday language suggests that spatial metaphors are used to describe one's relation to a group and the relation between two groups. Building on previous work in the domain of interpersonal relations, three graphical items for the overlap of self and ingroup, self and outgroup, and ingroup and outgroup are proposed. Three survey studies with different types of groups show the convergent validity of these items. Assessments of subjective interpretations of the graphical scales corroborate the correlational evidence. Finally, an experimental study confirms that the correlations between the three items are sensible indicators of self-categorization as determined by the intergroup context.
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Other measures included in the current studies, such as group favorability, liking of the models, self-reported affect, Tajfel matrices, and the OSIO scale, showed no significant effects of mortality salience.
“Other measures included in the current studies such as group favorability (Studies 1 and 2), liking of the models (Studies 1 and 2), self-reported affect (Studies 1 and 2), Tajfel matrices (Tajfel et al., 1971), and the OSIO scale (Study 3; Schubert & Otten, 2002) showed no significant effects of mortality salience”
From Existential threat and responses to emotional displays of ingroup and outgroup members (2023) · cites this paper as Schubert & Otten, 2002
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Synchronous multisensory stimulation blurs self-other boundaries.
Paladino, M.-P., Mazzurega, M., Pavani, F., & Schubert, T. W. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610379234 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
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The human and animal baby schema effect: correlates of individual differences.
Lehmann, V., Huis in‘t Veld, E. M. J., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2013) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.01.001 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
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Self-citationMasson, T., & Fritsche, I. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2501 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Existential threat and responses to emotional displays of ingroup and outgroup members
Wessler, J., van der Schalk, J., Hansen, J., Klackl, J., Jonas, E., Fons, M., Doosje, B., & Fischer, A. (2023) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302221128229 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…such as group favorability (Studies 1 and 2), liking of the models (Studies 1 and 2), self-reported affect (Studies 1 and 2), Tajfel matrices (Tajfel et al., 1971), and the OSIO scale (Study 3; Schubert & Otten, 2002) showed no significant effects of mortality salience (see supplemental material).”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Schubert, T. W., & Otten, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- Venue
- Self and Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 353-376
- ISSN
- 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-8876
- OpenAlex
- W2122253080
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Self and Identity (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- self-categorization, ingroup, outgroup, spatial metaphor, intergroup relations, self-concept, convergent validity, social identity
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