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Optimism, Social Support, and Coping Strategies As Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analytic review examines the role of optimism, social support, and coping strategies in contributing to posttraumatic growth. Results from 103 studies showed that all three systems of variables yielded significant effect sizes. Religious coping and positive reappraisal coping produced the largest effect sizes. Social support, seeking social support coping, spirituality, and optimism were moderately related to posttraumatic growth. Acceptance coping yielded the smallest effect sizes. Moderator analyses showed that effect sizes did not differ according to time elapsed since trauma, gender, and type of posttraumatic growth measure (posttraumatic growth vs. benefit finding). Age and gender were significant moderators of religious coping, whereas study design (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional) significantly moderated the effect of positive reappraisal coping. Implications for research and interventions on posttraumatic growth are also discussed.
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“The last, resilience and rumination were not the only two effect factors of traumatic outcomes, and other factors, such as social support may also affect the development of PTG and PTSD (Dirik and Karanci, 2008; Prati and Pietrantoni, 2009).”
From Coexistence and different determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among Chinese survivors after earthquake: role of resilience and rumination (2015) · cites this paper as Prati and Pietrantoni, 2009
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“The effectiveness of positive reappraisal likely depends on contextual opportunities and resources: survivors who received adequate social support and had sufficient time for reflection may have been better positioned to construct positive meaning, whereas those still facing acute stressors or lacking psychosocial resources may have struggled to reframe their experiences (63).”
From Coping strategies and psychological outcomes following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a systematic review with meta-analytic synthesis (2026) · cites this paper as [63]
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“A meta-analysis study also showed a moderate correlation between social support and PTG with a mean effect size of r = 0.26 (Prati & Pietrantoni, 2009).”
From Post-Traumatic Growth in University Students After Earthquakes: The Effect of Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience (2025) · cites this paper as Prati & Pietrantoni, 2009
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“Again, the experience of posttraumatic growth may be linked to individual coping strategies for stress (Peters et al., 2021), including religious or spiritual coping and positive reframing (Prati & Pietrantoni, 2009; Schroevers & Teo, 2008).”
From Traumatic Events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Growth among University Students in Kabul City (2025) · cites this paper as Prati & Pietrantoni, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Prati, Gabriele
- Venue
- Journal of Loss and Trauma
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-08-26
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 364-388
- ISSN
- 1532-5024 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5032
- OpenAlex
- W1965613249
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Loss and Trauma (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- posttraumatic growth, optimism, social support, coping strategies, religious coping, positive reappraisal, spirituality, social support seeking, acceptance coping, benefit finding, gender differences, age differences, time since trauma
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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