Molecular mechanisms for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux
Open accessAbstract
The maintenance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cell function and viability. Excessive cholesterol accumulation is detrimental to cells and serves as the molecular basis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The peripheral cells do not have the ability to degrade cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is therefore the only pathway to eliminate excessive cholesterol from these cells. This process is predominantly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an integral membrane protein. ABCA1 is known to transfer intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. nHDL can accept more free cholesterol from peripheral cells. Free cholesterol is then converted to cholesteryl ester by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to form mature HDL. HDL-bound cholesterol enters the liver for biliary secretion and fecal excretion. Although how cholesterol is transported by ABCA1 to apoA-I remains incompletely understood, nine models have been proposed to explain this effect. In this review, we focus on the current view of the mechanisms underlying ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to provide an important framework for future investigation and lipid-lowering therapy.
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ABCA1 is the main cholesterol efflux transporter in astrocytes and transfers cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto lipid-poor apolipoproteins.
“The main cholesterol efflux transporter in astrocytes is ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which transfers cellular cholesterol and PLs onto lipid-poor apolipoproteins that shuttle cholesterol8–10.”
From An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The Introduction states that ABCA1 transports free cholesterol and phospholipids to apoA-I, and §3 calls it the most important transporter of intracellular cholesterol efflux. The paper notes ABCA1 expression in the brain but does not establish that it is the main efflux transporter specifically in astrocytes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
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Increased ABCA1 activity protects against atherosclerosis
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Papotti, B., Adorni, M. P., Marchi, C., Zimetti, F., Ronda, N., Panighel, G., Lupo, M. G., Vilella, A., Giuliani, D., Ferri, N., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232012192 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis
Talvio, K., Wagner, V. A., Minkeviciene, R., Kirkwood, J. S., Kulinich, A. O., Umemori, J., Bhatia, A., Hur, M., Käkelä, R., Ethell, I. M., et al. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05147-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, L., Zhao, Z.-W., Zeng, P.-H., Zhou, Y.-J., & Yin, W.-J.
- Affiliations
- Hainan Medical University (CN)
- University of South China (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China (CN)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Corresponding author
- Yin, Wen-Jun
- Venue
- Cell Cycle
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-02-22
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1121-1139
- ISSN
- 1538-4101 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-4005
- PMC
- PMC9103275
- OpenAlex
- W4212900905
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cell Cycle (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- This work was supported
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82103782)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- ABCA1, cholesterol efflux, cholesterol homeostasis, apolipoprotein A-I, HDL maturation, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering therapy
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Cholesterol, Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase, Lipoproteins, HDL, Cholesterol, HDL, Apolipoprotein A-I, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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