Efficacy of Internet and Group-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
Research indicates that adolescents are at risk for insomnia, but are reluctant to seek help. Treatment of insomnia has been extensively examined in adults, but studies with adolescents are sparse. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess feasibility and efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) for adolescents in both group and Internet settings. Twenty-six adolescents received 6 weekly sessions of CBT-i in a group (N = 13) or individual Internet setting (N = 13). Their sleep was measured with actigraphy, sleep logs, and questionnaires at baseline, posttreatment, and a 2-month follow up. For both treatments, results show a significant improvement, with medium to large effect sizes (ESs) of sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. There was also a small ES increase of total sleep time in sleep log measures, but not in actigraphy measures. On questionnaires measuring symptoms of insomnia and chronic sleep reduction, significant improvements occurred either at posttreatment or at follow up. No differences were found between the groups. This study indicates CBT-i, either in group or in Internet formats, is an effective treatment for insomnia in adolescents. Further studies in a randomized controlled design are warranted.
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Adolescents show a strong preference for digital delivery (97%) when given the choice between face-to-face and digital CBT-I.
“with adolescents showing a strong preference for digital delivery (97%) when given the choice between face-to-face and digital CBT-I.17”
From Pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja: A smartphone application for adolescent insomnia symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
The introductory passage labeled Abstract says online CBT-I may be a preferred treatment for adolescents. It does not report a 97% preference or a choice between face-to-face and digital CBT-I; the Participants section instead describes assignment to Internet or group treatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is accumulating evidence to support the use of digitally delivered CBT-I in both adults and young people.
“there is accumulating evidence to support the use of digitally delivered CBT-I in both adults and young people.16–19”
From Pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja: A smartphone application for adolescent insomnia symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Findings on these sleep outcomes are consistent with the two studies that have evaluated web-delivered CBT-I for adolescents with insomnia, and show for the first time that CBT-I, when delivered to adolescents by smartphone app, confers benefits.
“Findings on these sleep outcomes are consistent with the two studies which have evaluated web-delivered CBT-I for adolescents with insomnia,15–17 and show for the first time that CBT-I, when delivered to adolescents by smartphone app, confer benefits.”
From Pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja: A smartphone application for adolescent insomnia symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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References 48 · Cited by 95
- Authors
- de Bruin, E. J., Oort, F. J., Bögels, S. M., & Meijer, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-06-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 235-254
- ISSN
- 1540-2002 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-2010
- OpenAlex
- W2102439066
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dare.uva.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, adolescent insomnia, online therapy, group therapy, treatment efficacy, feasibility, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, actigraphy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Feasibility Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Group Processes, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Actigraphy
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