The DOI matches its Crossref record; none of the 5 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Leisure and Chinese Culture: A Symposium
Open accessAbstract
The essays in this special issue of the Chinese Historical Review focus on leisure as a subject of writing in China. This is not a study of Chinese leisure culture, which is a large and growing fie...
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own interpretation · 7 No basis given · 5 Sources not found · 4 Own result · 2 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“She shows that the representation of leisure activities in early writings, including the collecting of exotic animals, drinking, and even such sartorial eccentricity as wearing snipe feather caps, is overwhelmingly negative, usually being behavior of specific rulers or nobility that led them astray from the way of propriety and order.”
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zhang shows that this enthusiasm is more than an element of Su Shi's personality, but a phenomenon in Song informal prose writing more generally.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, Wang Bizhi, Man Zhongxing and their friends find pleasure and intrinsic value in their informal interactions that is separate from the values of formal philosophical or political writing”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This term goes at least back to the title of Li Yu's (1611-80) early Qing Xianqing ouji 閒情偶記 (1671), a defining text in the literature of leisure”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The poetry of the Six Dynasties, particularly that of eccentrics, hermits and prolific travelers like Ruan Ji, Tao Qian and Xie Lingyun, as well as of landscape painting, no doubt also helped create space for Su Shi's exhilaration in nature.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This sense of the alternative value of informally shared stories of valor and loyalty is also central to the emergence of short and long fictional writing, which also began to proliferate in the Song and expanded rapidly through the late imperial period”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“many modern cultural figures such as Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Feng Zikai, Liang Shiqiu embraced the informal essay, not because they resisted modernizing, but because they found within it a sophisticated subject position that was both distinctively Chinese while also having socially progressive tendencies and more compatibility (they thought) with the modern world than orthodox Confuci”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a gentleman scholar was expected to never relax from his official obligations and moral cultivation.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The public quality of committing leisurely pursuits to writing, the concern for reputation among elites that would constrain one from excessive indulgence in pleasure, ensured that the written and spoken discourses of leisure would strive to articulate redeeming value in these activities”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 22
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“one of the crucial points Hargett makes is that there was a huge expansion in recreational activity during the Song.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Li Rihua's diary is also the story of what might be called an alternative community, or subculture, of connoisseurship and trade in antiquities, one in which Li played an important role, as Brook points out, as a creator of canons of calligraphy and landscape painting that are well-established today.”
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the somewhat disaffected scholar official Li Rihua managed to relieve himself of public service halfway into his career, at which point he turned his efforts to the art market.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In it, Brook challenges another implication of the definition of leisure as unoccupied time: that leisure must be restful and inactive.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The picture Brook paints of Li Rihua's daily life is one of frenetic and exhausting activity, even though he uses the same basic definition of leisure that the other contributors do.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zhang does not define leisure as such, but she does attend to the matter of its justification as subject matter befitting publication both by looking at the two prefaces to Wang Bizhi's collection, analyzing its organization into chapters, and analyzing the vocabulary used among Song biji generally and within Wang Bizhi's work in particular.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zhou insisted instead on writing about what he pleased, even if it did not change the world.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“leisure studies in the west has essentially been a topic in social science, attracting sociologists, psychologists and political scientists.Its theory is heavily reliant on categories of class, race and gender.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Veblen, 1899
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chinese elites for millennia have shown in certain kinds of prose writing (travelogues, diaries, biji miscellanea and even philosophical works) both that they may cultivate a leisurely state of mind in the course of their official duties, but also that when not serving in an official appointment, they might nevertheless be strenuously exerting themselves in the pursuit of the collection and”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Chinese discourse of leisure extends to intellectual history and debates about the individual, subjectivity, the interpretation of the classics, as well as the relationship between pleasure, sensual experience and spiritual enlightenment.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zeng Xi's restorative frolicking is presented as part of the broad spectrum of selfcultivation that is outside of, but essential to the practice of principled public service and government.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, we view the discourse of leisure in China as a millennia-long elite conversation about value and meaning making outside of the halls of political power and orthodoxy.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The written discourse of leisure is distinct from actual leisure culture and can be studied separately.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It not only validates recreational activities such as tourism and partying by writing about them, but the texts produced also become recreational reading material.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But the critical Marxist strain of the field, associated with the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham, has continued to push back against the emphasis on culture and the notion that sociologically homogenous groups often can be differentiated from one another in terms of lifestyle or taste.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We may also observe that someone writing about enjoying wine and scenery with other cherished companions may in fact be full of worries about the troubled times, political struggles and suffering among the people.”
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as an evolving Chinese written discourse, leisure is as much a state of mind as it is a special type of activity.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The authors here show instead that if we take leisure as a cultural gesture, pushing back or moving away from the high seriousness of orthodoxy, from the banality of factional struggles and bureaucratism, there is an alternative value invoked in the act of writing differently than one would for one's ruler or for official purposes, and this value draws upon the various strands of Chinese culture,”
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Lin Yutang was, with Zhou Zuoren, a fervent and earnest advocate of the modern literature of leisure under the influence primarily of the xiaopin wen essay, and this can be observed in his Chinese writings as well as his English works.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when in truth there have been vigorous voices extolling pleasure and zest for life even under difficult circumstances throughout history.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus in Su Shi's daytrip writing, we see much more than written evidence of recreation taken at leisure, we see that writing about such activities takes on a style and mindset of its own, and it is in this sense that we can observe the development of a discourse of leisure, a way of reading and writing that to some extent itself becomes a recreational activity.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I think it is fair to say that even extremely hardworking farmers and laborers found the means to enjoy themselves (as at temple fairs and seasonal festivals) without necessarily having a lot of free time to do so.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“his art trading seems to fit the consensus definitions of recreational activity, but it does not appear to have been relaxing or restorative at any point, and did not seem to be aimed at returning to public service”
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There have been strands of leisure theory that emphasize the subjective and cultural aspects more, such as those centering on the factor of lifestyle and, for example, Chris Rojek's placement of performance (as of roles, status, taste, etc.) at the center of his 2000 study Leisure and Culture.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rojek, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These compendia of anecdotes are not as trivial as orthodox taxonomies would imply-they embody the assertion of values that both resonate with and challenge those of the Confucian canon, embracing eccentricity, valorizing political disengagement and more importantly wit and wisdom as an alternative greatness to that of moral rectitude.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“non-elites would not have been writing about their amusements, and we usually would only be able to learn about them through the observation and description of them by elites.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Non-elites in China would not have written about their amusements.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if we view leisure not only as the availability of time and certain recreational activities that can be enjoyed at leisure, but also as an attitude or a state of mind, it seems to me that in the Chinese context, expressing enthusiasm for drinking wine would seem to be central to it”
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the implication that non-elites in China never had any fun probably goes too far, and the problem here again is in the assumption of leisure as necessarily being time unoccupied with work.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it must also be observed that the Daoist image of the True (or Perfected) Man is usually presented in the Zhuangzi as being relaxed and carefree, and as such has been an important model for the discourse of leisure in later ages.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They are the voice of learned men both talking back to power but also asserting avenues of meaning outside power and wealth.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Leisure in the modern world is intimately tied to industrial capitalism.
“The idea of leisure in the modern world is intimately tied up with the impact of industrial capitalism on all social classes.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The conventionally accepted concept of leisure is time unencumbered by work or duty during which one engages in recreational activities.
“our authors take as their point of departure the conventionally accepted concept of leisure as time unencumbered by work or duty during which one engages in recreational activities”
The paper relies on this without support.
Non-elites in China would not have written about their amusements.
“non-elites would not have been writing about their amusements”
The paper relies on this without support.
The written discourse of leisure is distinct from actual leisure culture and can be studied separately.
“This is not a study of Chinese leisure culture, which is a large and growing field among social historians, sociologists and anthropologists, but of certain kinds of writing and the lifestyles, activities and attitudes they portray as an aspect of Chinese humanistic culture.”
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, K. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.213474
Metadata
- Authors
- Laughlin, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laughlin, Charles A.
- ORCID
- Laughlin, Charles A.
- Venue
- The Chinese Historical Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-07-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 87-95
- ISSN
- 1043-643X (ISSN-L)
- 1547-402X
- 2048-7827
- OpenAlex
- W2544454863
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Chinese Historical Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Historical and Literary Analyses
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Keywords
- leisure, Chinese culture, leisure culture, history of leisure, Chinese literature
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