The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 172 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders – Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders
Open accessAbstract
AIM: This is the third version of the guideline of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (published in 2002, revised in 2008). METHOD: A consensus panel of 33 international experts representing 22 countries developed recommendations based on efficacy and acceptability of available treatments. In total, 1007 RCTs for the treatment of these disorders in adults, adolescents, and children with medications, psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological interventions were evaluated, applying the same rigorous methods that are standard for the assessment of medications. RESULT: This paper, Part I, contains recommendations for the treatment of panic disorder/agoraphobia (PDA), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, mixed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, separation anxiety and selective mutism. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line medications. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. The expert panel also made recommendations for patients not responding to standard treatments and recommendations against interventions with insufficient evidence. CONCLUSION: It is the goal of this initiative to provide treatment guidance for these disorders that has validity throughout the world.
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200 No basis given · 161 Not checked yet · 48 Own result · 39 Own interpretation · 21 Own method
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In the paper
“For anxiety disorders, the average pre-to-post gain in waitlist arms was Cohen's d = 0.2 (defined as a”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
- Not checked yetcites Cohen 1962
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, in reality, in waitlist studies, most patients do not show any substantial improvement.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 200 comparisons with waitlists evaluated in this guideline, only 12.5 % showed a negative result.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It was found that nonblinded assessors exaggerate the effect size by 68% (Hrobjartsson et al. 2013).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hrobjartsson et al. 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 1007 RCTs was included.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the vast majority of”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Study quality in psychological studies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
- Not checked yetcites Skapinakis et al. 2016
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Improvements seen in waitlist arms were even significantly smaller than in”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Furukawa et al. 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A meta-analysis of RCTs in anxiety disorders (Bandelow et al. 2015) demonstrated that the average pre-to-post effect sizes of such psychological placebos are significantly smaller (Cohen' d=0.83) than those of pill placebos (d=1.29).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Active control groups
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a substantial number of evaluated studies which compared two or more active treatments, the sample sizes were too small for a non-inferiority comparison.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Evidence grading in medication studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In contrast, pill placebo treatment is associated with a large pre-to-post change of around d = 1.3.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 99
- It may state two separate claims as one. 114
- The quote only partly states this claim. 6
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study quality is often lower in psychotherapy studies than in medication studies, perhaps due to the lack of sufficient financial support, and perhaps because medication studies are under control of drug licensing authorities.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Study quality in psychological studies
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A meta-analysis using 24 representative surveys found an average age of onset for separation anxiety disorder of 10.6 years, followed by specific phobia (11.0 years), SAD (14.3 years), agoraphobia without panic disorder (21.1 years), OCD (24.0 years), PTSD (26.6 years), PDA (30.3 years), and GAD (34.9 years) (Lijster et al. 2017).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Age of onset and Course
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lijster et al. 2017
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A substantial number of patients with anxiety disorders do not meet response criteria after initial standard treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: A substantial number of patients with anxiety disorders do not meet response criteria after initial standard treatment.
In the paper
“In Europe, total annual cost for anxiety disorders in 2010 was 74.4 billion €; only the costs for mood disorders (113.4 €) and psychotic disorders (93.9 €) were higher (Olesen et al. 2012).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Burden/Health care utilization
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Olesen et al. 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is not known whether lower doses may be sufficient in maintenance treatment (Caldirola et al. 2020).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dosing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Caldirola et al. 2020
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Female-to-male ratios were found to be 1.6-2.3 for panic disorder, 1.6-3.1 for agoraphobia, 1.7-2.6 for GAD, 1.2-2.1 for SAD, and 1.8-2.6 for specific phobia (Bandelow and Michaelis 2015).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Gender differences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow and Michaelis 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Selective mutism is a relatively rare condition, with point prevalence rates ranging between 0.03 % and 0.79 % (Driessen et al. 2020;Kopp and Gillberg 1997).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Diagnosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Driessen et al. 2020
- Not checked yetcites Kopp and Gillberg 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Publication bias is an issue both in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy studies (Driessen et al. 2015;Turner et al. 2008).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Study quality in psychological studies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Driessen et al. 2015
- Not checked yetcites Turner et al. 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some patients may not verbalize feelings of anxiety, but instead, may report generalised physical discomfort after initiation with SSRIs/SNRIs.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dosing
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Although gender differences varied widely between studies, all studies found a higher percentage of women for all anxiety disorders.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Gender differences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow and Michaelis 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sample sizes in drug trials were about five times larger than in psychotherapy studies, due to the lack of commercial funding in the latter.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Study quality in psychological studies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, the evidence for the efficacy of benzodiazepines is good (LoE A), but due to their abuse potential they did not receive a recommendation grade 1 (RG 1) but were downgraded to RG 2.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > The WFSBP evidence grading system
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Anxiety disorders tend to be less common in the fifth decade (Bandelow 2003;Kessler et al. 2005a;Rubio and Lopez-Ibor 2007a;Rubio and Lopez-Ibor 2007b).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Age of onset and Course
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow 2003
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al. 2005a
- Not checked yetcites Rubio and Lopez-Ibor 2007a
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders vary substantially across various large representative surveys from different countries.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Diagnosis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“two meta-analyses have demonstrated a significant improvement of OCD severity within the first 2 weeks of treatment with SSRIs, with the greatest incremental gains occurring early in the course of treatment (Issari et al. 2016;Varigonda et al. 2016).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Issari et al. 2016
- Not checked yetcites Varigonda et al. 2016
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a large European study, it was found that only one fifth of anxiety patients sought help from healthcare services, and of these, one fifth received no treatment (Alonso et al. 2007).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Burden/Health care utilization
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Alonso et al. 2007 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other side effects include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, anorexia, or weight gain.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cognitive functions may be affected initially.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Discontinuation symptoms (dizziness, vertigo, lightheadedness, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, irritability, headaches) may occur during SSRI discontinuation and can sometimes be hard to distinguish from a reoccurrence of the pre-existing anxiety disorder.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sexual dysfunction (mainly reduced libido and delayed or impaired orgasm) may be a problem in both sexes, particularly in long-term treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stopping TCAs abruptly can also cause withdrawal symptoms.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)/monoamine enhancers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A recent review of all available studies has shown that when misused to 'self-medicate', the gabapentinoids gabapentin and pregabalin can produce desirable effects alone, but are also often used concomitantly with other drugs, and that opioid use disorder is the greatest risk factor for gabapentinoid abuse (Evoy et al. 2021).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Calcium channel modulator pregabalin
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Evoy et al. 2021
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the first two weeks, side effects may be prominent.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)/monoamine enhancers
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the beginning of treatment, side effects like nausea, restlessness, insomnia or headache may pose a threat to compliance with treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They include increased talkativeness, agitation, excessive movement, hostility, psychosis and others.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some augmentation strategies, like adding benzodiazepines to an SSRI/SNRI for anxiety disorders or an antipsychotic to an SSRI for OCD are supported by controlled studies.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, discontinuation of SNRIs has frequently been associated with withdrawal symptoms.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Phenelzine has not received regulatory approval for treatment of the anxiety disorders in any country.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Individuals with substance use disorders may use benzodiazepines to potentiate the effects of illicit opioids, or to cope with CNS stimulant withdrawal (May et al. 2020).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites May et al. 2020
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prolonged withdrawal reactions may occur, but they are difficult to distinguish from pre-treatment symptoms and 'nocebo' effects.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Main side effects of pregabalin include dizziness, sedation, dry mouth, amblyopia, impaired coordination, and impaired psychomotor and cognitive function.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Calcium channel modulator pregabalin
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These effects are aggravated by concurrent alcohol intake.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pregabalin was found to be effective in several studies in GAD and in a few trials in SAD.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Calcium channel modulator pregabalin
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Treatment with benzodiazepines is usually safe and effective for short-term use.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Common adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Serotonergic drug vilazodone
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weight gain and sexual dysfunction may be a problem in long-term treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)/monoamine enhancers
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients should be informed that the onset of the anxiolytic effect of the drug may have a latency of two to four weeks (in some cases up to six weeks, and generally longer in OCD).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)/monoamine enhancers
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It has shown efficacy in GAD.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Serotonergic drug vilazodone
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) moclobemide has shown efficacy in SAD, however, the overall effect was small (see below for an analysis of the RCTs).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) moclobemide
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites see below for an analysis of the RCTs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Benzodiazepine treatment initiation may be associated with sedation, dizziness, and prolonged reaction time.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Common side effects include sedation, constipation, drowsiness, hyperlipidemia, weight gain, fatigue, insomnia, increased or decreased appetite and dry mouth.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > NaSSA mirtazapine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although treatment with SSRIs is usually well tolerated, restlessness, jitteriness, an increase in anxiety symptoms, insomnia, or headache in the first days or weeks of treatment may jeopardize compliance with treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Desipramine and lofepramine were effective in one DBPC study each.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)/monoamine enhancers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They have a good record of safety and have important uses in medicine (Allgulander 2022;Silberman et al. 2021;Tyrer et al. 2010).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Allgulander 2022
- Not checked yetcites Silberman et al. 2021
- Not checked yetcites Tyrer et al. 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of the possibility of severe side effects and interactions with other drugs or food components, phenelzine is not considered a first-line drug.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Discontinuation symptoms have their peak severity at 2 days for short half-life and 4 to 7 days for long half-life benzodiazepines (Rickels et al. 1990).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rickels et al. 1990
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, sexual dysfunctions, SIADH, gastrointestinal bleeding and other adverse events have been reported.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Benzodiazepines may also be used in combination with serotonergic medications during the first weeks of treatment to accelerate onset of action or suppress increased anxiety sometimes seen when serotonergic therapy is initiated (Goddard et al. 2001).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Benzodiazepines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goddard et al. 2001
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the time therapists spend communicating with patients is usually limited because saving therapist time is one of the goals of IPIs.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet psychotherapeutic interventions (IPI)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Side effects include sedation, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, headache, and others.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Trazodone
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In its original form, AR does not contain elements often used in psychotherapy such as discussing psychological problems or helping with problem solving.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Applied relaxation (AR)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quetiapine was found effective as a monotherapy for GAD and PTSD.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Atypical antipsychotics (dopamine serotonin blockers)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In 85% of the psychotherapy studies for anxiety disorders, patients were not excluded when they were on ongoing medication (Bandelow et al. 2015), i.e., in a substantial number of participants of these studies it is not possible to disentangle whether the improvement was due to the psychological treatment or to the additional drug treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is only licensed by the European EMA, the Chinese NMPA and in Australia for the treatment of depression and not for GAD or other anxiety disorders.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Agomelatine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, they are not used in routine treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Anticonvulsants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Side effects include fatigue, drowsiness, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, and nasal congestion.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Opipramol
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pharmacotherapy is associated with many possible adverse effects.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most studies, patients can contact therapists via E-mail.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet psychotherapeutic interventions (IPI)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT for PTSD most often is trauma-focused and comprises imaginary or in vivo exposure to the traumatic memory, cognitive processing and several other effective ingredients.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most RCTs with psychotherapy have a duration of around 12 weeks of weekly sessions.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dose-response relationship for psychotherapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For symptoms which cannot be treated with exposure alone, such as spontaneous panic attacks or worrying in GAD, various cognitive strategies have been proposed.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Doubts have been expressed whether such extraneous movements can cause changes in brain circuits.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A risk of liver toxicity is associated with the drug; liver function tests are required before starting and regularly during treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Agomelatine
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was shown to be effective as a rapid-acting antidepressant, although its effect may be transient.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Ketamine
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no antidepressant effect.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Antihistamine hydroxyzine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Controlled studies of psychodynamic therapy started to emerge only a few decades ago.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) therapy (PDTh)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most studied psychotherapy is CBT.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are only a few studies comprising more than 30 sessions.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dose-response relationship for psychotherapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of PTSD but was also investigated in PDA studies.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internet psychotherapeutic interventions have been developed in the last decades.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet psychotherapeutic interventions (IPI)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Side effects include headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, restlessness, fatigue, paresthesias and others.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > 5HT1A-Agonist Buspirone
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Psychodynamic therapy is a traditional method of treating anxiety disorders and PTSD.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) therapy (PDTh)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there have been concerns about the metabolic syndrome and a potential for lethal arrhythmia associated with the drug.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Atypical antipsychotics (dopamine serotonin blockers)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Usually, psychotherapeutic interventions are provided on a weekly basis.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dose-response relationship for psychotherapies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Side effects of atypical antipsychotics include sedation, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunctions, metabolic syndrome, arrythmias, extrapyramidal effects and others.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Atypical antipsychotics (dopamine serotonin blockers)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Argument has revolved around whether the eye movements or other distraction elements in the EMDR protocol or the exposure to traumatic memories are a necessary condition to treatment outcome (Cahill et al. 1999).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cahill et al. 1999
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AR has often been used as a control condition in psychotherapy research.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Applied relaxation (AR)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, medications are usually compared with placebo, resulting in an effect size difference of only 0.7, which makes CBT appear superior.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, use of typical antipsychotics was abandoned, as alternative medications emerged for the treatment of anxiety disorders.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Atypical antipsychotics (dopamine serotonin blockers)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diplopia, dysphoria, confusion, dreamlike states, hallucinations, sedation, loss of memory, decreased attention, hypertonia, and slowed breathing.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Ketamine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Side effects include sedation, anticholinergic effects at high doses, blurred vision, confusion, delirium and others.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Antihistamine hydroxyzine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some programs include structured diagnostic interviews administered over the telephone or video link.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet psychotherapeutic interventions (IPI)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For OCD, it has never been seen as an adequate treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) therapy (PDTh)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, as waitlists produce only an average pre-post effect size of 0.2, while placebo has an effect of 1.3, this is not an adequate comparison.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some of these did not use, as a comparison, drugs that were consistently shown to be effective in RCTs, and some did not use drugs in the recommended dose range.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many patients prefer specific psychological treatment interventions to pharmacotherapy.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychological Treatments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A large meta-analysis using pre-to-post effect sizes found that the effect sizes of medications are substantially higher than those achieved with psychotherapy (Bandelow et al. 2015), demonstrating that only 60% of the improvement with medications can be achieved with psychotherapy.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2015
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Non-medical use of ketamine as a recreational drug is not uncommon, due to its hallucinogenic properties.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Ketamine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overreliance on the therapist has also been observed.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Combined treatment with paroxetine and clonazepam resulted in more rapid response than with the SSRI alone, but there was no differential benefit beyond the initial few weeks of therapy (Pollack et al. 2003).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pollack et al. 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cognitive behavioural therapy is reputed to maintain its treatment gains over time, which would be a distinct advantage over medications and would also justify its higher treatment costs.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, a relapse or deterioration in the symptoms is possible after or during psychological therapy.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, in many regions of the world, the availability of psychotherapy is often limited.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both studies showed a faster response to these combinations than to imipramine or sertraline plus placebo, respectively.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Woods et al. 1992
- Not checked yetcites Goddard et al. 2001
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even in affluent countries, patients seeking treatment often must wait for many months to start psychotherapy.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Benzodiazepines have shown sufficient evidence of efficacy for PDA; however, they are potentially addictive (LoE A/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In clinical practice, benzodiazepines are often combined with SSRIs, SNRIs or TCAs.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A prolonged course of treatment may be needed to maintain initial treatment response.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Response to psychotherapy may be delayed and occurs usually later than with drug treatment.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In many cases, patients who have started drug treatment while waiting for psychotherapy may already be in remission before they commence psychotherapy.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, medications, and, to a lesser extent, placebo conditions also demonstrated enduring effects in the meta-analysis.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Enduring effects.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2018
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AR was more effective than waitlist in one study, but not better than waitlist in another study.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Applied relaxation (AR)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence for CBT for children and adolescents with separation anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety disorders is inconclusive, as several studies did not show its superiority to waitlist, and the majority of comparisons with active controls did not show better efficacy (Table 12).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychotherapies for children and adolescents with separation anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety disorders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another study which was underpowered for a non-inferiority comparison did not report a significant difference of the primary efficacy measure between PdTh and CBT; however, there were large numerical differences in all scale scores in favour of CBT which perhaps did not reach significance because of the small sample size.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychodynamic therapy (PdTh)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our meta-analysis of studies with active controls showed only a trend for a significant difference between CBT and active controls (small effect size: Cohen's d = 0.44 (-0.08-0.96);p=.098) (Figure 3; Supplementary Appendix) (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-analysis.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One study showed similar efficacy as CBT, but two studies showed superiority of CBT (LoE B-/RG 2-).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Applied relaxation (AR)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One study compared a combination of CBT and sertraline.The combination was superior to both monotherapies, and both monotherapies were superior to placebo (Table 12).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Combination of psychotherapies and medications for children and adolescents with mixed anxiety disorders
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several studies showed that iCBT was superior to waitlist; only in one study it was not significantly different from this control condition.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet interventions based on CBT (iCBT)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Also, another meta-analysis showed that CBT exerted greater effects than waitlist groups but did not have greater effects compared with psychological placebo (Chen et al. 2019).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-analysis.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al. 2019
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Trazodone was superior to placebo and as effective as imipramine and diazepam in one RCT. Long-term studies are lacking (LoE B/RG 3).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Day-time sedation may be a problem.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both exercise and clomipramine led to a significant decrease of symptoms in comparison to placebo; however, exercise was significantly less effective than clomipramine.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Exercise
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several studies showed that CBT for GAD was superior to waitlist conditions; however, CBT did not consistently demonstrate superiority over active controls.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas paroxetine was superior to placebo, exercise did not differ from the control group, perhaps due to the high effect sizes attained in the latter treatment modality.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Exercise
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The TCA imipramine is also effective, but less well tolerated than SSRIs and SNRIs (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are concerns regarding the side effect profile, including e.g.metabolic syndrome in long-term therapy and arrhythmias (LoE A/RG 3).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a DBPC study with children with separation anxiety disorder who failed to respond to CBT, both imipramine and placebo lead to improvements, with no significant difference (Klein et al. 1992).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Combination of psychotherapies and medications for children and adolescents with mixed anxiety disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Klein et al. 1992
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pregabalin has a good record of evidence but is only recommended as second line due to abuse potential which was mainly observed in individuals with substance abuse (LoE A/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One found that the combination of CBT and diazepam is more effective than diazepam alone, but not more effective than CBT alone.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy and their combination
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, results were inconsistent, with the majority of studies showing no effect of the combination (LoE D/RG 4).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Enhancing CBT/Exposure with D-cycloserine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Virtual reality exposure therapy was more effective than active controls but less effective than in vivo exposure (LoE D/RG 4).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Psychotherapies for specific phobias
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and showed inconsistent results in comparison to active control conditions, with some studies showing no difference (Table 14).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These have found that the SSRIs citalopram and sertraline were effective, as well as pregabalin and quetiapine (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for treating older patients
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT was more effective than a waitlist condition in some, but not all studies”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Paroxetine was as effective as CBT and more effective than waitlist in elderly patients with PDA.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for treating older patients
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, phenelzine and moclobemide were more effective than placebo in preventing relapses (Table 16, Supplementary Appendix).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Long-Term Treatment
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By contrast, the SSRIs have minimal effects on cardiovascular function and may potentially have beneficial effects on platelet aggregation (Davies et al. 2004;Roose 2003).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment of patients with severe somatic disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davies et al. 2004
- Not checked yetcites Roose 2003
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT for elderly patients with GAD was only superior to waitlist in two of three studies, not superior to a psychological placebo and less effective than sertraline.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for treating older patients
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT was only superior to waitlist but not to active control groups (psychological placebo and applied relaxation).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dental phobia.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a meta-analysis on treatments for children with SAD, symptoms of social anxiety and impairment were reduced by both CBT and SSRI treatment, with higher effect sizes for SSRIs (Segool and Carlson 2008).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of psychological and pharmacological interventions and their combination in children and adolescents
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Segool and Carlson 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a study with depressed patients aged 60 and older, venlafaxine was well tolerated.However, undesirable cardiovascular effects occurred in some of the participants, including increase in blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, increase in QTC interval and others (Johnson et al. 2006).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment of patients with severe somatic disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnson et al. 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Altogether, the data are inconsistent, with two studies showing an effect and one showing no added benefit (LoE D/RG 4).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Enhancing CBT/Exposure with D-cycloserine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison to CBT, it was less effective.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Internet psychotherapeutic interventions based on CBT (iCBT)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Some analyses found that SSRIs exhibited efficacy for treatment of depression in children and adolescents (Sharp and Hellings 2006) and found no significant increase in risk of suicide or serious suicide attempt after starting treatment with newer antidepressant drugs (Simon et al. 2006).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treating children and adolescents
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Simon et al. 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“however, it was less effective than CBT”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for children and adolescents with SAD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The discussion among the international experts was far from controversial.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“iCBT was superior to waitlist in most studies, more effective than relaxation and as effective as personal CBT.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, for the remaining disorders, a large number of studies did not show a significant difference between the treatment and active controls, and a significant effect was only found when combining all studies in meta-analyses.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT also shows inconsistent results in comparison to drug treatment, with more studies showing inferiority than showing equal efficacy”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fluoxetine and sertraline showed efficacy in one DBPC study each”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison to active controls, it was not superior or even less effective.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Virtual reality exposure therapy, or its newest form, augmented reality exposure therapy, has shown some promise for the treatment of mental disorders.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alprazolam was superior to placebo and as effective as pregabalin”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pregabalin was superior to placebo and as effective as alprazolam”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“iCBT was superior to waitlist in most studies, however, comparisons to active controls are lacking.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duloxetine and venlafaxine showed efficacy in one DBPC study each”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In one study, the combination was superior to both monotherapies, and both monotherapies were superior to placebo”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT for elderly patients with anxiety disorders was only superior to waitlist in two of three studies, not superior to a psychological placebo and less effective than sertraline.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The efficacy of phenelzine has been shown in RCTs”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Survivors of a traumatic brain injury are susceptible to GAD and PTSD (Rogers and Read 2007).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment of patients with severe somatic disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rogers and Read 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some underpowered studies show equal efficacy in comparison to CBT, while others show inferiority to CBT and imipramine”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT therapy for SAD was more effective than a waitlist condition in some, but not all studies, and showed inconsistent results in comparison to active control conditions, with some studies showing no difference.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Altogether, the Task Force members showed a high degree of agreement even in controversial issues.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT/exposure therapy for PDA is more effective than a waitlist condition but shows inconsistent results in comparison to active controls, with more studies showing no difference than showing superiority.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders (Bandelow and Michaelis 2015;Kessler et al. 2007)”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow and Michaelis 2015
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al. 2007
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a waitlist study, the patients are not blinded, and even if a”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Inactive control conditions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow 2021
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compliance with drug treatment can be improved when the advantages and disadvantages of the drugs are explained carefully to the patient.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment: General Principles
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Poor therapeutic alliance and several psychosocial stress factors may also diminish response, along with concomitant personality disorders.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Concurrent prescription drugs (or traditional medicines) may interfere with efficacy, e.g. as metabolic enhancers or inhibitors.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“There is a marked overlap among the anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD, and comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, is common (Bandelow 2003).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Diagnosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For OCD, it has been suggested that a successful treatment response is a Y-BOCS score reduction of ≥ 35% and a CGI-I score of 1 or 2 (Mataix-Cols et al. 2016).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mataix-Cols et al. 2016
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because moderate (I 2 >50%) to high (>75%) heterogeneity was found for most comparisons, the random-effects model was used in all analyses.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-Analytical Procedure.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two reviewers independently extracted all data, with differences resolved following discussion.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-Analytical Procedure.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A WFSBP working group has developed a new grading system which is mandatory for all new versions of WFSBP guidelines (Hasan et al. 2019).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > The WFSBP evidence grading system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hasan et al. 2019
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When several studies that show only minimal, insignificant effects are combined in a meta-analysis, the power can be inflated to achieve a significant result.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Metaanalyses are prone to bias (e.g. by excluding unsuitable studies with weak supporting arguments).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While no universally accepted criteria exist, a commonly used threshold for response is a >50% improvement in the total score of a commonly used rating scale (e.g. the HAMA).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow 2006
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, this definition is somewhat arbitrary and not fully supported by clinical data (Bandelow 2006;Bandelow et al. 2006).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment Resistance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow 2006
- Not checked yetcites Bandelow et al. 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, patients with PDA may be sensitive to these side effects and may easily discontinue treatment because of initial jitteriness and nervousness.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Dosing
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interrater reliability for decisions about whether to include or exclude a study was κ = .86.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-Analytical Procedure.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, with meta-analysis, larger studies get more weight than smaller ones.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Meta-analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The anxiolytic, analgesic, and antiepileptic effects of the drug are attributed to its binding to the α2δ-subunit protein of voltage-gated calcium channels in the CNS.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Calcium channel modulator pregabalin
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“None of the available drug treatments can be considered as 'ideal' for every patient.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Advantages and Disadvantages of Antianxiety Drugs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the recommendations in the following chapters, all available RCTs for the different treatment modalities have been analyzed and tabulated.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Special Treatment Recommendations for the Each Disorder
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The decision on whether a treatment was effective or not was only based on the acute treatment phase (endpoint scores or LOCF).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Special Treatment Recommendations for the Each Disorder
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“with the exception of the tetrayclic antidepressant maprotiline, which had no effect in contrast to fluvoxamine (Den Boer and Westenberg 1988).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of Antipanic Drugs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Den Boer and Westenberg 1988
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using internet psychotherapeutic interventions, waiting time may be reduced.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Relationship of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In open comparisons of clonazepam and paroxetine, clonazepam demonstrated a faster onset of action and greater clinical improvement than paroxetine, and in both short-term and long-term treatment, clonazepam was better tolerated (Freire et al. 2017;Nardi et al. 2012;Nardi et al. 2011).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of Antipanic Drugs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freire et al. 2017
- Not checked yetcites Nardi et al. 2012
- Not checked yetcites Nardi et al. 2011
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some cases, the statements regarding evidence for a certain treatment may differ from the statements in the original article, for example when a statistical re-evaluation led to a different conclusion.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Special Treatment Recommendations for the Each Disorder
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If many scales were used in a trial, a primary efficacy measure was not identified and there were no corrections for multiple testing, a post hoc Bonferroni-Holm correction was applied.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Special Treatment Recommendations for the Each Disorder
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Usually, the decision regarding efficacy was based on the primary efficacy measure of a study.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Special Treatment Recommendations for the Each Disorder
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Also, in patients with comorbid panic disorder and major depressive disorder, sertraline and imipramine were equally effective, but sertraline showed significantly greater tolerability and compliance than imipramine (Lepola et al. 2003).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of Antipanic Drugs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lepola et al. 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taking the results of both studies together, exercise seems to have some effect in panic disorder, however, this effect seems to be less pronounced than the effect of medication.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Exercise
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two studies showed an advantage for CBT, one showed superiority of medication and three studies showed no difference (LoE D) (Table 8, Supplementary Appendix).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Enduring effects.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies comparing psychotherapy and medications for specific phobias are lacking.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of psychotherapy and medications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The advantage of a short-term as-needed treatment with benzodiazepines or pregabalin is that it can be applied directly before the patient enters the feared situation, e.g.before MRI scans, dental treatment or air travel.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Comparisons of psychotherapy and medications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, concerns regarding suicidal ideation in depressive children and youths may not apply to anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD, as they were not studied.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treating children and adolescents
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This guideline has applied the same strict methodological criteria for medications, psychotherapy and other treatments.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At present, there is not sufficient evidence for their use as a monotherapy; however, they may be useful as adjunctive therapy together with standard treatments.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, some interventions that could be potentially effective in treating anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD have not yet been investigated in well-controlled trials because no financial support is available.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As certain fears in children have the tendency to disappear in relatively short time due to natural development phenomena in childhood, this spontaneous improvement will occur both in the treatment group and in the control group, making it difficult to obtain a significant difference.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Such anxiety disorders are believed to complicate the management and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Brenes 2003), coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction (Allgulander 2016;Bankier et al. 2004;Frasure-Smith and Lesperance 2008;Holt et al. 2013;Shen et al. 2008), diabetes mellitus (Anderson et al. 2002) or brain injury (Rogers and Read 2007).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Treatment of patients with severe somatic disease
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brenes 2003
- Not checked yetcites Allgulander 2016
- Not checked yetcites Bankier et al. 2004
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations in this guideline are primarily based on randomised, controlled, doubleblind trials.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It may be a limitation that this review included only published studies, as publication biases have been found in medication (Jones et al. 2013) and psychotherapy trials (Flint et al. 2015).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jones et al. 2013
- Not checked yetcites Flint et al. 2015
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This international initiative has shown that guidelines do not have to be different in various countries in the world.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the evidence for combining psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is inconsistent, there are more arguments in favor than against using both modalities.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have completely different modes of action.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, due to increased efforts on the systematic clinical evaluation of treatments for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD in the recent years, a comprehensive database has accrued, so that more solid recommendations can be provided for treating these conditions.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Patients apply for participation in a treatment study when their illness severity has reached its peak.
“This analysis was based on the assumption that patients would apply for participation in a treatment study when their illness severity had reached its peak.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients treated in psychotherapy trials are significantly less severely ill than patients in drug trials.
“Patients treated in psychotherapy trials were significantly less severely ill than patients in drug trials.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Anxiety disorders mostly have a waxing and waning course.
“Mostly, anxiety disorders have a waxing and waning course.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A substantial number of patients with anxiety disorders do not meet response criteria after initial standard treatment.
“A substantial number of patients with anxiety disorders do not meet response criteria after initial standard treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Elderly patients may take longer to respond to treatment.
“Elderly patients may take longer to respond.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Experienced clinicians report that many treatment-resistant patients respond to a different class of medication.
“experienced clinicians report that many treatment-resistant patients respond to a different class of medication (e.g.switching from SSRI/SNRIs to TCAs or vice versa).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Combining an ongoing treatment with a second drug may be associated with increased rates of adverse effects or interactions.
“Also, the combination may be associated with increased rates of adverse effects or interactions.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy likely target different brain circuits.
“As psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy likely target different brain circuits, from a theoretical point of view, it can be assumed that they have additive effects.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have additive effects.
“As psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy likely target different brain circuits, from a theoretical point of view, it can be assumed that they have additive effects.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Phenelzine has only been studied in one trial.
“The irreversible MAO inhibitor phenelzine was only studied in one trial; due to possible severe interactions with food components or other drugs the drug should only be used when treatments with a higher recommendation grade have failed (LoE B/RG 3).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Phenelzine has possible severe interactions with food components or other drugs.
“The irreversible MAO inhibitor phenelzine was only studied in one trial; due to possible severe interactions with food components or other drugs the drug should only be used when treatments with a higher recommendation grade have failed (LoE B/RG 3).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The evidence for the RIMA moclobemide is inconsistent.
“The evidence for the RIMA moclobemide is inconsistent.DBPC studies did not show superiority to placebo; however, two adequately powered studies showed equal efficacy to standard treatments (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
DBPC studies did not show superiority of moclobemide to placebo.
“The evidence for the RIMA moclobemide is inconsistent.DBPC studies did not show superiority to placebo; however, two adequately powered studies showed equal efficacy to standard treatments (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Two adequately powered studies showed equal efficacy of moclobemide to standard treatments.
“The evidence for the RIMA moclobemide is inconsistent.DBPC studies did not show superiority to placebo; however, two adequately powered studies showed equal efficacy to standard treatments (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Only one underpowered comparison trial exists for mirtazapine.
“For mirtazapine, only one underpowered comparison trial exists (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
No efficacy in the treatment of PDA was found for buspirone, propranolol, and trazodone.
“No efficacy in the treatment of PDA was found for buspirone, propranolol and trazodone (LoE A-/RG 1-).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Panic disorder typically has a waxing and waning course.
“Typically, panic disorder has a waxing and waning course.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The same doses of SSRIs are usually prescribed in maintenance treatment of panic disorder as in the acute treatment phase.
“Regarding SSRIs, the same doses are usually prescribed in the maintenance treatment of panic disorder as in the acute treatment phase.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are no studies examining reduced doses of SSRIs in maintenance treatment.
“There are no studies examining reduced doses of SSRIs in maintenance treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In most studies, SSRIs were better tolerated than TCAs.
“In most of these studies, the SSRIs were better tolerated than the TCAs, although one analysis did not find a difference in tolerability between SSRIs and imipramine (Otto et al. 2001).”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are no direct double-blind comparisons between SSRIs and benzodiazepines in the treatment of panic disorder.
“There are no direct double-blind comparisons between SSRIs and benzodiazepines in the treatment of panic disorder.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBT has been investigated thoroughly in PDA.
“CBT has been investigated thoroughly in PDA.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBT is the psychotherapeutic modality with the best body of evidence for PDA.
“Although CBT is the psychotherapeutic modality with the best body of evidence for PDA, it was mostly tested against waitlist controls.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBT was mostly tested against waitlist controls.
“Although CBT is the psychotherapeutic modality with the best body of evidence for PDA, it was mostly tested against waitlist controls.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In some direct comparisons, CBT was as effective as medication, and in one study it was even more effective.
“In some direct comparisons, CBT was as effective as me, and in one study it was even more effective.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Some comparison studies showing equal efficacy were underpowered and therefore not reliable.
“However, some of those comparison studies showing equal efficacy were underpowered and therefore not reliable.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Several studies showed superiority of drug treatment over CBT.
“On the other hand, several studies showed superiority of drug treatment over CBT.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBT was shown to be more effective than psychodynamic psychotherapy in a number of studies.
“CBT was shown to be more effective than psychodynamic psychotherapy in a number of studies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Applied relaxation for PDA has only been shown to be more effective than progressive muscle relaxation as a control.
“Applied relaxation for PDA has only been shown to be more effective than progressive muscle relaxation as a control.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Studies comparing AR with CBT are inconclusive.
“Studies comparing AR with CBT are inconclusive.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Studies comparing AR with psychodynamic therapy show diverging results.
“Also, studies comparing AR with psychodynamic therapy show diverging results, as they have shown inferiority, superiority or equal efficacy to psychodynamic therapy, which itself cannot be regarded as effective treatment (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
iCBT was superior to waitlist in most studies.
“Cognitive behavioural interventions delivered via Internet (iCBT) by using computers, tablets or smartphones were superior to waitlist in most studies, more effective than an active control in one study (relaxation) and as effective as personal CBT.”
The paper relies on this without support.
iCBT was more effective than an active control in one study (relaxation).
“Cognitive behavioural interventions delivered via Internet (iCBT) by using computers, tablets or smartphones were superior to waitlist in most studies, more effective than an active control in one study (relaxation) and as effective as personal CBT.”
The paper relies on this without support.
iCBT was as effective as personal CBT.
“Cognitive behavioural interventions delivered via Internet (iCBT) by using computers, tablets or smartphones were superior to waitlist in most studies, more effective than an active control in one study (relaxation) and as effective as personal CBT.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Effect sizes of iCBT interventions may be overestimated in the available studies mainly because most of the studies were not based on blinded assessments.
“There were concerns that effect sizes of iCBT interventions may be overestimated in the available studies mainly because most of the studies were not based on blinded assessments.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In only 15% of the studies, diagnoses were made in personal contact with a psychiatrist or psychologist.
“In only 15% of the studies, diagnoses were made in personal contact with a psychiatrist or psychologist.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The majority of participants had an academic background.
“There were also concerns regarding the representativity of the studies, as the majority of participants had an academic background.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For PDA, there are no comparisons of PdTh against waitlist.
“For PDA, there are no comparisons of PdTh against waitlist.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In comparison to 'no treatment' or active controls, no differences were found for PdTh.
“In comparison to 'no treatment' or active controls, no differences were found.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In one study, psychodynamic therapy was even less effective than the control treatment, relaxation.
“In one study, psychodynamic therapy was even less effective than the control treatment, relaxation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In comparison to CBT, the majority of studies showed inferiority of PdTh.
“In comparison to CBT, the majority of studies showed inferiority of PdTh.”
The paper relies on this without support.
EMDR for PDA showed negative results.
“EMDR for PDA showed negative results (LoE A-, RG 1-).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Five studies found superiority of medication, while two studies found superiority of CBT.
“Five studies found superiority of medication, while two studies found superiority of CBT (LoE D/RG 4).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The majority of studies showed that the combination of psychotherapy plus medication was superior to psychotherapy alone.
“The majority of studies showed that the combination of psychotherapy plus medication was superior to psychotherapy alone (LoE A/RG 1).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Three studies did not demonstrate superiority of the combination over medication alone.
“While three studies did not demonstrate superiority of the combination over medication alone, one small study found that the combination was more effective than imipramine alone (LoE B-/RG 2-).”
The paper relies on this without support.
One small study found that the combination was more effective than imipramine alone.
“While three studies did not demonstrate superiority of the combination over medication alone, one small study found that the combination was more effective than imipramine alone (LoE B-/RG 2-).”
The paper relies on this without support.
In follow-up studies, patients who relapse often use treatments outside the study protocol and many resume the treatment that helped them during the study.
“In the case of a relapse, patients will utilize all kinds of treatments outside the study protocol, and many will resume the treatment that was helpful in the treatment period.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Long-lasting treatment effects seen in follow-up may be confounded by spontaneous remission or regression to the mean.
“Also, the long-lasting treatment effects observed in the follow-up period may be superimposed on the effects of spontaneous remission or regression to the mean.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Generalized anxiety disorder typically has a chronic course.
“GAD is generally a chronic disorder and requires long-term treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many patients with GAD experience a fluctuating course.
“In many patients, GAD has a waxing and waning course.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Some fears that children express are natural, transient phenomena that do not require treatment.
“Some fears children express are a natural, transient phenomenon and do not have to be treated at all.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In childhood and adolescence, major anxiety disorders like PDA or GAD are uncommon.
“However,”
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have treated children or adolescents with pure GAD using psychotherapy.
“there are no studies in which children or adolescents with pure GAD have been treated with psychotherapy”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are almost no studies that exclusively included individuals with separation anxiety disorder.
“There are almost no studies which exclusively included individuals with separation anxiety disorder.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Several studies have been conducted with mixed samples that included children and adolescents with GAD, SAD, and separation anxiety disorders.
“several studies have been conducted with mixed samples which included children and adolescents with GAD, SAD, and separation anxiety disorders.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Hypnosis is not a validated treatment.
“It was also superior to hypnosis, which is not a validated treatment (LoE B/RG 2).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The risk of developing benzodiazepine addiction can be disregarded in occasional use.
“The risk of developing benzodiazepine addiction can be disregarded in occasional use.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It takes several weeks for psychotherapy to show sufficient effects.
“In contrast, it takes several weeks for psychotherapy to show sufficient effects.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In clinical reality, the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is used more often than psychotherapy alone.
“Moreover, in clinical reality, the combination is used more often than psychotherapy alone.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many efficacious and well tolerated drugs are already available for treating anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.
“The main reason may be that many efficacious and well tolerated drugs are already available for the treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It presents a great financial risk for pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop new drugs that would have to compete with available, inexpensive generic medications.
“It presents a great financial risk for pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop new drugs that would have to compete with the available, inexpensive generic medications.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have completely different modes of action.
“Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have completely different modes of action and can therefore complement each other.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Randomised controlled double-blind trials do not always reflect clinical reality and have shortcomings such as exclusion of comorbid, suicidal, or medically ill patients.
“However, such studies do not always reflect clinical reality and have their shortcomings, e.g. the exclusion of comorbid, suicidal, or medically ill patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine disease may have adequate and reasonable anxiety reactions associated with their somatic disease state and may also suffer from comorbid primary anxiety disorders.
“Patients with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine disease may have adequate and reasonable anxiety reactions associated with their somatic disease state.They may also suffer from comorbid primary anxiety disorders.”
The paper relies on this without support.
TCAs can increase heart rate, increase QTC interval, induce orthostatic hypotension, slow cardiac conduction, and have quinidine-like effects on conduction within the myocardium.
“TCAs are best avoided in patients with cardiac disease, as they can increase heart rate, increase QTC interval, induce orthostatic hypotension and slow cardiac conduction, and have significant quinidine-like effects on conduction within the myocardium.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, long-term BZD use may be indicated in patients with severe treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or bipolar spectrum disorders.39–41”
From Joint Clinical Practice Guideline on Benzodiazepine Tapering: Considerations When Risks Outweigh Benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Indeed, recent, high-quality, international guidelines from WFSBP only advocate use of selected BZD during the first weeks of antidepressant treatment or for treatment resistant patients without substance use disorders in PD, GAD, SAD, and somatic disorders.77”
In the citing paper
“Some major guidelines advise regular scheduled dosing of BZD for common anxiety disorders.60,64,77 In contrast, other documents advise ‘prn’ use or intermittent dosing.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
“The TCA imipramine is also effective, but less well tolerated than SSRIs and SNRIs (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
“TCA imipramine Imipramine is effective in GAD, but its potential lethality in case of overdose, as well as its lower tolerability, puts it as a second-line option A 2”
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Fear of flying.
“For exposure therapy, only one waitlist study exists (LoE D/RG 4).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
“| Exposure | Exposure is a first-line treatment for fear of flying. Exposure was su- | A | 1 | | | perior to 'no treatment' and psychological placebo | | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for children and adolescents with GAD, separation anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety disorders
“For the SSRIs escitalopram and fluoxetine and the SNRIs duloxetine and venlafaxine, one placebo-controlled study each is available (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
“| SSRIs escitalopram | Fluoxetine and sertraline showed efficacy in one DBPC study each | B | 2 | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications for treating older patients
“These have found that the SSRIs citalopram and sertraline were effective, as well as pregabalin and quetiapine (LoE B/RG 2).”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Additional information
“| Pregabalin | Pregabalin was effective in elderly patients with GAD. However, due | B | 3 | | | | to possible side effects like somnolence and dizziness, the drug is | | | | | | only a third-line option | | | | | Quetiapine | Quetiapine was effective in elderly patients with GAD. However, due | B | 3 | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Medications
“The 5 HT1A-agonist buspirone was superior to placebo in 6 studies, but 3 studies failed to show a significant difference to placebo.”
§ World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders -Version 3. Part I: Anxiety Disorders Running Head: WFSBP guidelines > Augmentation of CBT with Dcycloserine
“Buspirone was superior to placebo in 7 studies, but 3 studies failed to show a significant difference to placebo.”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bandelow, B., Allgulander, C., Baldwin, D. S., Costa, D. L. D. C., Denys, D., Dilbaz, N., Domschke, K., Eriksson, E., Fineberg, N. A., Hättenschwiler, J., Hollander, E., Kaiya, H., Karavaeva, T., Kasper, S., Katzman, M., Kim, Y.-K., Inoue, T., Lim, L., Masdrakis, V., Menchón, J. M., Miguel, E. C., Möller, H.-J., Nardi, A. E., Pallanti, S., Perna, G., Rujescu, D., Starcevic, V., Stein, D. J., Tsai, S.-J., Van Ameringen, M., Vasileva, A., Wang, Z., & Zohar, J.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Psikiyatri Uzmanı, Üsküdar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, İstanbul, Turkey
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Treatment Center for Anxiety and Depression, Zürich, Switzerland
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Adler (CA)
- Korea University (KR)
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- Singapore General Hospital (SG)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Bellvitge University Hospital (ES)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- University of Florence (IT)
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov (RU)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Bandelow, Borwin
- ORCID
- Bandelow, Borwin
- Baldwin, David S.
- Costa, Daniel Lucas da Conceição
- Denys, Damiaan
- Dilbaz, Nesrin
- Domschke, Katharina
- Eriksson, Elias
- Fineberg, Naomi A.
- Hättenschwiler, Josef
- Hollander, Eric
- Kaiya, Hisanobu
- Karavaeva, Tatiana
- Kasper, Siegfried
- Katzman, Martin
- Kim, Yong-Ku
- Inoue, Takeshi
- Lim, Leslie
- Masdrakis, Vasilios
- Menchón, José M.
- Miguel, Euripedes C.
- Möller, Hans-Jürgen
- Nardi, Antonio E.
- Pallanti, Stefano
- Perna, Giampaolo
- Rujescu, Dan
- Starcevic, Vladan
- Stein, Dan J.
- Tsai, Shih-Jen
- Van Ameringen, Michael
- Vasileva, Anna
- Wang, Zhen
- Zohar, Joseph
- Venue
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-07-28
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-117
- ISSN
- 1562-2975 (ISSN-L)
- 1814-1412
- OpenAlex
- W4288446792
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 27.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Sunovion
- European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Servier
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, pharmacotherapy, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, children and adolescents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment guidelines, treatment-resistant anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Biological Psychiatry, Child, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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