CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 342Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychometric Comparison of the PHQ-9 and BDI-II for Measuring Response during Treatment of Depression

Titov, Nickolai, Dear, Blake F., McMillan, Dean, Anderson, Tracy, Zou, Judy, Sunderland, Matthew·2011·Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
DOI 10.1080/16506073.2010.550059
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) are frequently used measures of depression severity, but little is known about their relative psychometric properties. The authors assessed psychometric properties of both measures during treatment for depression. The PHQ-9 and BDI-II scores from 172 depressed participants in two randomized controlled trials of treatment for depression were assessed and combined. Tests of internal consistency (Cronbach's α), factor analyses, correlational analyses, estimates of clinically significant change, and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated after treatment and follow-up. Both scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency at pre- and posttreatment (PHQ-9 α = .74 and .81; BDI-II α = .87 and .90, respectively). Factor analysis failed to confirm the one-factor model previously reported for the PHQ-9, but two factors evidenced good fit for the BDI-II. Both scales converged more with each other than with the Sheehan Disability Scale at pre- but not at posttreatment. Responsiveness to change of PHQ-9 and BDI-II was similar at both posttreatment and follow-up. The consistency of agreement on indices of clinical significance was fair to moderate, but the BDI-II categorised a greater proportion of participants with severe depression than the PHQ-9. The BDI-II and PHQ-9 demonstrated adequate reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and similar responsiveness to change. Differences were found in how they categorised severity. Pending the results of further studies, the attributes of the PHQ-9, of being shorter and based on the diagnostic criteria for depression, may indicate an advantage over the BDI-II.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/16506073.2010.550059

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th ed. , Washington, DC : Author .
  2. Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. and Brown , B. K. 1996 . Beck Depression Inventory manual , 2nd ed. , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
  3. 10.1080/00036810600603377 · DOI
  4. 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)83296-8 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–341 of 341

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., McMillan, D., Anderson, T., Zou, J., & Sunderland, M.
Affiliations
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
  • University of York (GB)
Corresponding author
Titov, Nickolai
ORCID
Venue
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2011-06
Volume
40
Issue
2
Pages
126-136
ISSN
  • 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
  • 1651-2316
DOI
10.1080/16506073.2010.550059
OpenAlex
W2062363236
Cited by
342
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI
13.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords
PHQ-9, Beck Depression Inventory-II, depression severity measurement, psychometric properties, responsiveness to change, internal consistency, factor structure, convergent validity, clinical significance, Sheehan Disability Scale, depression treatment outcomes
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review