Cited by 224Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsHealth, psychology, and well-beingHealth and Wellbeing Research

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Self-compassion, physical health, and health behaviour: a meta-analysis

Phillips, Wendy J., Hine, Donald W.·2021·Health Psychology Review

DOI 10.1080/17437199.2019.1705872

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Abstract

This meta-analysis investigated relationships between self-compassion and (1) physical health and (2) health-promoting behaviour in a large pooled sample (N = 29,588) sourced from 94 peer-reviewed articles. As hypothesised, omnibus analyses revealed positive associations between self-compassion and both physical health (r = .18) and health behaviour (r = .26). Moderation analyses using 290 effects found that both associations varied according to health domain, participant age, intervention duration, and self-compassion measure. Self-compassion predicted outcomes in most health domains, with the strongest effects observed on global physical health, functional immunity, composite health behaviour, sleep, and danger avoidance. It did not predict frailty, maladaptive bodily routines, and substance abuse. Multi-session interventions designed to boost self-compassion predicted increased physical health and health behaviour, thereby supporting causal links between self-compassion and health outcomes. The effects of single-session inductions were non-significant. The mean effect of self-compassion on physical health was non-significant for young participants (12.00–19.99) and its effect on health behaviour was weakest among older participants (40.00+). Results support the proposition that self-compassion can promote better physical health. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Recommendation: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R1/PR5
Wong, M. Y. C., Yuan, G. F., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr5
Author comment: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R2/PR7
Wong, M. Y. C. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr7 · Cited by 1
Recommendation: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R0/PR2
Wong, M. Y. C., Yuan, G. F., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr2
Decision: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R2/PR9
Wong, M. Y. C., Yuan, G. F., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr9
Decision: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R1/PR6
Wong, M. Y. C., Yuan, G. F., Liu, C., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr6
Author comment: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R0/PR1
Wong, M. Y. C. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr1
Author comment: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R1/PR4
Wong, M. Y. C. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.36.pr4
Decision: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R0/PR3
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Recommendation: The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis — R2/PR8
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Kanser Tanılı Bireylerde Başa Çıkma Stratejisi Olarak Öz-şefkat ve Öz-şefkati Geliştirmeye Yönelik Müdahaleler: Literatür Derlemesi
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Self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating: An exploratory investigation
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“Engaging in self-compassion has been positively associated with health behaviours, such as physical ﬁ tness and psychological wellbeing (Biber and Ellis, 2019; Phillips and Hine, 2021; Sirois and Hirsch, 2019).”
Self-Compassion and Heroism
O’Dea, M. K., & van Tilburg, W. A. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48129-1_416
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河野, 伸., & 寺尾, 岳. (2023) · Kyushu Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.11642/kyushuneurop.69.1_3
Parent self-compassion: direct effects on parent emotion socialization and indirect effects on adolescent emotion dysregulation
Miller‐Slough, R. L., West, C., & Parigger, J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07087-x
“Self-compassion corresponded to psychologi - cal well-being, optimism, meaning in life, improved physi - cal health, and health-promoting behaviors (Zessin et al., 2015; Phillips & Hine, 2021 ).”
Selbstmitgefühl bei dermatologischen Erkrankungen – Ein Überblick
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“Es ﬁnden sich insgesamt moderate Einﬂüsse auf Gesundheits-verhalten und physische Gesundheit [18] sowie auf z. B. depressive Symptomatik [8].”
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Garnsey, C. L., Gnall, K. E., & Park, C. L. (2025) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12791 · Cited by 3
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The effect of self-compassion on the level of stigma in individuals with substance use disorder
Özmen, E., & Yılmaz, E. (2025) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2025.2512522
“In such cases, the mindfulness component builds up a sense of what one can achieve by perceiving the events/situations as they are, without overlooking or over-identifying those events or situations that bring pain or make one unhappy (Cheang et al., 2019; Phillips & Hine, 2021).”
Nutritional approach based in self-compassion versus energy-restricted diet approach in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adult women: a protocol for randomized clinical trial
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“Enhanced levels of self-compassion could have had a positive impact on physical health (Phillips & Hine, 2019), possibly through promoting health behaviors and better stress management (Homan & Sirois, 2017).”
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“…growing number of associations between ECEs with established determinants of physical activity (e.g., motivation, Hankonen et al., 2017; self-ef ﬁ cacy, Williams and Rhodes, 2016; self-compassion, Phillips and Hine, 2021) strengthen the notion that ECEs may also be a physical activity determinant.”
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“…with better subjective sleep quality both cross-sectionally (Barry & Wong, 2020; Bian et al., 2022; Butz & Stahlberg, 2018; C. Kim & Ko, 2018; J. J. Kim et al., 2021; Kurebayashi, 2020; Rakhimov et al., 2022) and meta-analytically (Brown et al., 2021; Butz & Stahlberg, 2020; Phillips & Hine, 2021).”
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“…psychological, and affective well-being (Zessin et al., 2015), emotional well-being (Bluth and Blanton, 2015), physical health and health behavior (Phillips and Hine, 2021), and self-efficacy (Liao et al., 2021), as well as negative associations to psychopathology (MacBeth and Gumley, 2012) and…”
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“Self-compassion may also have contributed to HR-QOL, as self-compassion is linked to health and health behaviors (Phillips & Hine, 2019; Sirois, 2020; Terry & Leary, 2011), improved motivation (Breines & Chen, 2012) and parasympathetic activation (Kirschner et al., 2019), and decreases in…”
Additional file 3 of Engaging patient and community stakeholders in the optimization of the Compassionate And Loving Mindset towards heart health risk (CALM Hearts) physical activity intervention: a description of initial work and protocol for future engagement activities
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Additional file 1 of Engaging patient and community stakeholders in the optimization of the Compassionate And Loving Mindset towards heart health risk (CALM Hearts) physical activity intervention: a description of initial work and protocol for future engagement activities
Chudyk, A. M., Kullman, S., Pool, D., Duhamel, T. A., Ashe, M., & Strachan, S. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25734526
Additional file 2 of Engaging patient and community stakeholders in the optimization of the Compassionate And Loving Mindset towards heart health risk (CALM Hearts) physical activity intervention: a description of initial work and protocol for future engagement activities
Chudyk, A. M., Kullman, S., Pool, D., Duhamel, T. A., Ashe, M., & Strachan, S. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25734676
Place Attachment Disruption: Emotions and Psychological Distress in Mexican Land Defenders
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Health anxiety and physical activity among young and middle-aged employees: the role of self-compassion and coping strategies
Xu, K., Jiang, H., & Wang, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1678651
Self-compassion in context: a reflexive thematic analysis of migrant domestic workers’ experiences in Singapore
Rachel, Y. L. L., & Barlas, J. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2026.2617449
“Self-compassion is a valuable component of coping, as research has established robust links between self-compassion and well-being (Phillips & Hine, 2021; Zessin et al., 2015).”
Psychometrische Evaluation einer deutschen 12-Item Kurzform der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D-KF)
Beerbaum, L., Meincke, T., Schaal, N. K., Schäfer, R., & Dinger, U. (2026) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2765-2394
“Studien zeigen, dass höheres Selbstmitgefühl nicht nur mit bes-serer psychischer Gesundheit einhergeht [2], sondern auch mit einer erhöhten Resilienz im Umgang mit chronischen körperlichen Erkran-kungen.”
Sexual Experience, Psychological Implications, and Typical Response Strategies Among Childhood Cancer Survivors With Sexual Dysfunction in China: A Qualitative Study
Funa, Y. A. N. G., Ho, K. Y., Ji, Y., Zhai, Y., Zuo, W., Liu, X. C., Wang, L., Lam, K. K. W., Liu, Q. W., Mao, T., et al. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70396
Cultural Adaptation of Compassion Focused Therapy to East Asian Culture
Asano, K. (2026) · Advances in mental health and addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12438-8_6
The role of self-care and self-compassion in burnout among Japanese social welfare professionals supporting formerly incarcerated individuals: a cross-sectional quantitative study
Kishi, K., & Suzuki, J. (2026) · Journal of Forensic Practice · doi:10.1108/jfp-07-2025-0074
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Predicting Loneliness with the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion among Emerging Adults
Karababa, A. (2026) · Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi · doi:10.17066/tpdrd.1661636
Exploring the Link Between Self-Compassion and Self-Care Agency in Women with Chronic Diseases: Application of Orem’s Nursing Theory in Practice
Çalışkan, B. B., Öz, T., & Yılmaz, U. (2026) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000787
The role of self-regulation resources in the relationship between self-compassion and nicotine dependence
Demircan, D., & Güler, M. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261434698

Authors: Phillips, W. J., & Hine, D. W.
Affiliations: University of New England (AU)
Corresponding author: Phillips, Wendy J.
ORCID: Phillips, Wendy J.
Hine, Donald W.
Venue: Health Psychology Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2019-12-22
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 113-139
ISSN: 1743-7199 (ISSN-L)
1743-7202
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1705872
OpenAlex: W2995869527
Cited by: 224
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 1.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
Keywords: self-compassion, physical health, health behavior, health-promoting behaviours, functional immunity, sleep, danger avoidance, frailty, substance abuse, self-compassion interventions, age differences
MeSH terms: Empathy, Humans, Health Behavior

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Self-compassion, physical health, and health behaviour: a meta-analysis

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