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Cited by 593Artificial Intelligence in EducationGlobal Educational Policies and ReformsDigital Education and Society

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Artificial intelligence and education in China

Open access
Knox, Jeremy·2020·Learning, Media and Technology
DOI 10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236
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Abstract

This paper examines the political economy of artificial intelligence (AI) and education in China, through an analysis of government policy and private sector enterprise. While media and policy discourse often portray China’s AI development in terms of a unified national strategy, and a burgeoning geopolitical contestation for future global dominance, this analysis will suggest a more nuanced internal complexity, involving differing regional networks and international corporate activity. The first section considers two key policy documents published by the central Chinese government, which are shown to implicate educational institutions as influential actors in national and regional strategies for AI development, with a significant role in plans to train domestic expertise. The second section outlines three prominent private education companies: New Oriental Group, Tomorrow Advancing Life (TAL), and Squirrel AI. These companies are selected to represent important aspects of China’s development of educational AI applications, including the influence of a well-established private education sector, and a growing interest in international corporate activity. The paper concludes with the suggestion that while central government policy reserves a significant role for education in the national AI strategy, the private sector is utilising favourable political conditions to rapidly develop educational applications and markets.

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Show all 16 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Barton D., 2017, Artificial Intelligence: Implications for China
  2. Chu B., 2013, Chinese Whispers: Why Everything You’ve Heard About China is Wrong
  3. Larsen B. C., 2019, AI Policy and China: Realities of State-Led Development, 16
  4. Laskai L., 2019, AI Policy and China: Realities of State-Led Development, 3
  5. Lee K.-F., 2017, China’s Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Understanding Beijing’s Structural Advantages
  6. Lehmann T., 2019, AI Policy and China: Realities of State-Led Development, 21
  7. Mubayi P., 2017, China's Rise in Artificial Intelligence: The New New China
  8. Nelson M., 2019, AI Policy and China: Realities of State-Led Development, 9
  9. Prakash A., 2018, Go.AI (Geopolitics of Artificial Intelligence)
  10. Squirrel AI Learning. 2019. “Squirrel AI Learning Attended IEEE ICDM 2018 to Show the Charm of AI + Education.” Cision PR Newswire . Accessed 11 July, 2019. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/squirrel-ai-learning-attended-ieee-icdm-2018-to-show-the-charm-of-ai-education-300776050.html.
  11. Wang J., 2018, Paper presented in the graduate student Workshop at 2018 Annual Meeting of the society for the history of technology (SHOT)
  12. Zhang X., 2018, Science & Technology Review, 36, 55

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Metadata

Authors
Knox, J.
Affiliations
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Corresponding author
Knox, Jeremy
ORCID
Knox, Jeremy
Venue
Learning, Media and Technology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2020-04-16
Volume
45
Issue
3
Pages
298-311
ISSN
  • 1743-9884 (ISSN-L)
  • 1743-9892
DOI
10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236
OpenAlex
W3017157646
Cited by
489
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 140 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 9
FWCI
29.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
public-domain
Locations
  • Learning Media and Technology (publishedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Global Educational Policies and Reforms
  • Social Sciences › Education › Digital Education and Society
Keywords
artificial intelligence in education, China, political economy of AI, AI policy, educational technology, state-private sector relations

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